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. 2016 Jan;27(1):55-60.
doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2768-8. Epub 2015 Jul 30.

Delivery-related risk factors for covert postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery

Femke E M Mulder  1 , Katrien Oude Rengerink  2 , Joris A M van der Post  2 , Robert A Hakvoort  3 , Jan-Paul W R Roovers  2
Affiliations

Delivery-related risk factors for covert postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery

Femke E M Mulder et al. Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis: Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) is a common consequence of bladder dysfunction after vaginal delivery. Patients with covert PUR are able to void spontaneously but have a postvoid residual bladder volume (PVRV) of ≥150 mL. Incomplete bladder emptying may predispose to bladder dysfunction at a later stage of life. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify independent delivery-related risk factors for covert PUR after vaginal delivery in order to identify women with an increased risk of covert PUR.

Methods: The PVRV of women who delivered vaginally was measured after the first spontaneous micturition with a portable bladder-scanning device. A PVRV of 150 mL or more was defined as covert PUR. Independent risk factors for covert PUR were identified in multivariate regression analysis.

Results: Of 745 included women, 347 (47%) were diagnosed with covert PUR (PVRV ≥150 mL), of whom 197 (26%) had a PVRV ≥250 mL (75th percentile) and 50 (7%) a PVRV ≥500 mL (95th percentile). In multivariate regression analysis, episiotomy (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.02 - 2.71), epidural analgesia (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.36 - 3.19) and birth weight (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.06) were independent risk factors for covert PUR. Opioid analgesia during labour (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.46 - 6.98), epidural analgesia (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.64 - 7.64) and episiotomy (OR 3.72, 95% CI 1.71 - 8.08) were risk factors for PVRV ≥500 mL.

Conclusions: Episiotomy, epidural analgesia and birth weight are risk factors for covert PUR. We suggest that the current cut-off values for covert PUR should be reevaluated when data on the clinical consequences of abnormal PVRV become available.

Keywords: Incomplete voiding; Postpartum period; Postpartum urinary retention; Risk factors; Vaginal delivery; Voiding dysfunction.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PVRV measurements
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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