Concise Review: Patient-Derived Stem Cell Research for Monogenic Disorders

Abstract

Monogenic disorders (MGDs) are caused by a single gene mutation and have a serious impact on human health. At present, there are no effective therapeutic methods for MGDs. Stem cell techniques provide insights into potential treatments for MGDs. With the development of patient-derived stem cells, we can begin to progressively understand the molecular mechanism of MGDs and identify new drugs for MGD treatment. Using powerful genome editing tools, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases, and the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system, MGD-associated gene mutations can be corrected in MGD stem cells in vitro and then transplanted into MGD animal models to assess their safety and therapeutic effects. Despite the continued challenges surrounding potential pluripotent stem cell tumorigenicity and concerns regarding the genetic modification of stem cells, the extensive clinical application of MGD patient-specific stem cells will be pursued through further advances in basic research in the MGD field. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress in research into the use of patient-derived stem cells for the potential treatment of MGDs and provide predictions regarding the direction of future investigations.

Keywords: Embryonic stem cells; Gene targeting; Nuclear transfer; Stem cell transplantation; iPS.