Long Non-Coding RNAs: The Key Players in Glioma Pathogenesis

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) represent a novel class of RNAs with no functional protein-coding ability, yet it has become increasingly clear that interactions between lncRNAs with other molecules are responsible for important gene regulatory functions in various contexts. Given their relatively high expressions in the brain, lncRNAs are now thought to play important roles in normal brain development as well as diverse disease processes including gliomagenesis. Intriguingly, certain lncRNAs are closely associated with the initiation, differentiation, progression, recurrence and stem-like characteristics in glioma, and may therefore be exploited for the purposes of sub-classification, diagnosis and prognosis. LncRNAs may also serve as potential therapeutic targets as well as a novel biomarkers in the treatment of glioma. In this article, the functional aspects of lncRNAs, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS), will be briefly discussed, followed by highlights of the important roles of lncRNAs in mediating critical steps during glioma development. In addition, the key lncRNA players and their possible mechanistic pathways associated with gliomagenesis will be addressed.

Keywords: CRNDE; H19; HOTAIR; MEG3; biomarker; glioblastoma stem cell; glioma; gliomagenesis; lncRNA.

Figure 1

Gene regulatory network of lncRNAs in glioma oncogenesis. Different molecules and various cellular conditions are able to regulate lncRNAs expressions. From which dysregulations of lncRNA would cause pro-tumorigenic alterations in epigenetics and/or global gene expressions that promotes glioma development and the associated malignant phenotypes.