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Review
. 2015 Jul 17:6:496.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00496. eCollection 2015.

Respiratory processes in non-photosynthetic plastids

Marta Renato  1 , Albert Boronat  2 , Joaquín Azcón-Bieto  3
Affiliations
Review

Respiratory processes in non-photosynthetic plastids

Marta Renato et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Chlororespiration is a respiratory process located in chloroplast thylakoids which consists in an electron transport chain from NAD(P)H to oxygen. This respiratory chain involves the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, the plastoquinone pool and the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), and it probably acts as a safety valve to prevent the over-reduction of the photosynthetic machinery in stress conditions. The existence of a similar respiratory activity in non-photosynthetic plastids has been less studied. Recently, it has been reported that tomato fruit chromoplasts present an oxygen consumption activity linked to ATP synthesis. Etioplasts and amyloplasts contain several electron carriers and some subunits of the ATP synthase, so they could harbor a similar respiratory process. This review provides an update on the study about respiratory processes in chromoplasts, identifying the major gaps that need to be addressed in future research. It also reviews the proteomic data of etioplasts and amyloplasts, which suggest the presence of a respiratory electron transport chain in these plastids.

Keywords: PTOX; amyloplast; chlororespiration; chromoplast; chromorespiration; etioplast; plastid; plastid respiration.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Model proposed for chromorespiration. The electron transport chain is located in the inner membranes of chromoplasts, and the electron entrance through NADH and NADPH takes place by the stromal side. The electron carriers shown are: Ndh-1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex; Ndh-2, type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; PTOX, plastid terminal oxidase; Cyt b6f, cytochrome b6f complex; Cyt c6, cytochrome c6. A possible cytochrome c oxidase or similar (Oxidase) is proposed. ATP synthase complex is also shown. Electron transfer reactions are indicated by black arrows and proton movement across membrane by white arrows.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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