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. 2015 Aug 5;10(8):e0133359.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133359. eCollection 2015.

Review of the 2012 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Domestic Ruminants in the United States

G Stevens  1 , B McCluskey  2 , A King  3 , E O'Hearn  4 , G Mayr  4
Affiliations

Review of the 2012 Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Outbreak in Domestic Ruminants in the United States

G Stevens et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

An unusually large number of cases of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) were observed in United States cattle and white-tailed deer in the summer and fall of 2012. USDA APHIS Veterinary Services area offices were asked to report on foreign animal disease investigations and state diagnostic laboratory submissions which resulted in a diagnosis of EHD based on positive PCR results. EHD was reported in the following species: cattle (129 herds), captive white-tailed deer (65 herds), bison (8 herds), yak (6 herds), elk (1 herd), and sheep (1 flock). A majority of the cases in cattle and bison were found in Nebraska, South Dakota, and Iowa. The majority of cases in captive white-tailed deer were found in Ohio, Iowa, Michigan, and Missouri. The most common clinical sign observed in the cattle and bison herds was oral lesions. The major observation in captive white-tailed deer herds was death. Average within-herd morbidity was 7% in cattle and bison herds, and 46% in captive white-tailed deer herds. The average within-herd mortality in captive white-tailed deer herds was 42%.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Density of bovine EHD cases during 2012 outbreak.
To protect the confidentiality of individual producers, each symbol represents a bovine case of EHD randomly placed in the county in which it occurred.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Number of new EHD cases in cattle and bison by week.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Density of captive white-tailed deer EHD cases during 2012 outbreak.
To protect the confidentiality of individual producers, each symbol represents a captive white-tailed deer case of EHD randomly placed in the county in which it occurred.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Number of new EHD cases in captive white-tailed deer by week.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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