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. 2015 Sep-Oct;81(5):554-67.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.04.001. Epub 2015 Jul 21.

Prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection in Brazilian population studies: a systematic review

Leandro Luongo de Matos  1 , Giuliana Angelucci Miranda  2 , Claudio Roberto Cernea  3
Affiliations

Prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infection in Brazilian population studies: a systematic review

Leandro Luongo de Matos et al. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Sep-Oct.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Introduction: Human papillomavirus has been associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is no conclusive evidence on the prevalence of oral or pharyngeal infection by human papillomavirus in the Brazilian population.

Objective: To determine the rate of human papillomavirus infection in the Brazilian population.

Methods: Systematic review of published articles. Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) and Scielo electronic databases were searched. The search included published articles up to December 2014 in Portuguese, Spanish and English. A wide search strategy was employed in order to avoid publication biases and to assess studies dealing only with oral and/or oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infections in the Brazilian population.

Results: A total of 42 articles included 4066 enrolled patients. It was observed that oral or oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infections were identified in 738 patients (18.2%; IC 95 17.6-18.8), varying between 0.0% and 91.9%. The prevalences of oral or oropharyngeal human papillomavirus infections were respectively 6.2%, 44.6%, 44.4%, 27.4%, 38.5% and 11.9% for healthy people, those with benign oral lesions, pre-malignant lesions, oral or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, risk groups (patients with genital human papillomavirus lesions or infected partners) and immunocompromised patients. The risk of human papillomavirus infection was estimated for each subgroup and it was evident that, when compared to the healthy population, the risk of human papillomavirus infection was approximately 1.5-9.0 times higher, especially in patients with an immunodeficiency, oral lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. The rates of the most well-known oncogenic types (human papillomavirus 16 and/or 18) also show this increased risk.

Conclusions: Globally, the Brazilian healthy population has a very low oral human papillomavirus infection rate. Other groups, such as at-risk patients or their partners, immunocompromised patients, people with oral lesions and patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma have a high risk of human papillomavirus infection.

Introdução: O papilomavírus humano (HPV) tem sido associado ao carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) de cabeça e pescoço. No entanto, não existem evidências conclusivas sobre a prevalência de infecção oral ou faríngea pelo HPV na população brasileira.

Objetivo: Determinar a taxa de infecção pelo HPV na população brasileira.

Método: Revisão sistemática de artigos publicados. Foram feitas buscas nos seguintes bancos de dados eletrônicos: Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences) e Scielo. A busca considerou artigos publicados até dezembro de 2014, em português, espanhol e inglês. Foi utilizada uma ampla estratégia de busca com o intuito de evitar viés de publicação e também para que fossem avaliados estudos que tratassem apenas de infecções orais e/ou orofaríngeas pelo HPV na população brasileira.

Resultados: Os 42 artigos selecionados incluíram 4.066 pacientes. Observou-se que infecções orais ou orofaríngeas pelo HPV foram identificadas em 738 pacientes (18,2%; IC95 17,6-18,8), variando entre 0,0-91,9%. As prevalências de infecções orais ou orofaríngeas pelo HPV foram, respectivamente, 6,2%, 44,6%, 44,4%, 27,4%, 38,5% e 11,9% em pacientes saudáveis, com lesões orais benignas, com lesões pré-malignas, com CCE oral ou orofaríngeo, grupos de risco (pacientes com lesões genitais pelo HPV ou parceiros infectados) e pacientes imunodeficientes. O risco de infecção pelo HPV foi estimado para cada subgrupo, quando ficou evidente que, em comparação com a população saudável, o risco de infecção por HPV foi aproximadamente 1,5-9,0 vezes mais alto, especialmente em pacientes com imunodeficiência, lesões orais e CCE. Os percentuais dos tipos oncogênicos mais conhecidos (HPV 16 e/ou 18) também mostram esse aumento no risco.

Conclusões: A população brasileira saudável apresenta taxa de infecção oral pelo HPV muito baixa. Outros grupos, por exemplo, pacientes de risco ou seus parceiros, pacientes imunodeficientes, indivíduos portadores de lesões orais e pacientes com CCE de cavidade oral ou orofaringe apresentam maior risco de infecção pelo HPV.

Keywords: Boca; Brasil; Brazil; Human papillomavirus; Mouth; Orofaringe; Oropharynx; Papilomavírus humano; Prevalence; Prevalência.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of article selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Article distribution according to Brazilian city and state.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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