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Observational Study
. 2016 Feb;67(2):227-34.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.024. Epub 2015 Aug 5.

Estimated GFR and Subsequent Higher Left Ventricular Mass in Young and Middle-Aged Adults With Normal Kidney Function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Nisha Bansal  1 , Feng Lin  2 , Eric Vittinghoff  2 , Carmen Peralta  2 , Joao Lima  3 , Holly Kramer  4 , Michael Shlipak  2 , Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Estimated GFR and Subsequent Higher Left Ventricular Mass in Young and Middle-Aged Adults With Normal Kidney Function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Nisha Bansal et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy is common and is associated with cardiovascular events and death among patients with known chronic kidney disease. However, the link between reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) remains poorly explored among young and middle-aged adults with preserved kidney function. In this study, we examined the association of cystatin C-based estimated GFR (eGFRcys) and rapid decline in eGFR with subsequent LVMI.

Study design: Observational study.

Setting & participants: We included 2,410 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort with eGFRcys > 60mL/min/1.73m(2) at year 15 and who had an echocardiogram obtained at year 25.

Predictor: eGFRcys at year 15 and rapid decline in eGFRcys (defined as >3% per year over 5 years from years 15 to 20).

Outcome: LVMI measured at year 25.

Measurements: We adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes, body mass index, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cumulative systolic blood pressure, and albuminuria.

Results: Mean age was 40±4 (SD) years, 58% were women, and 43% were black. After 10 years of follow-up, mean LVMI was 39.6±13.4g/m(2.7). Compared with eGFRcys > 90mL/min/1.73m(2) (n = 2,228), eGFRcys of 60 to 75mL/min/1.73m(2) (n = 29) was associated with 5.63 (95% CI, 0.90-10.36) g/m(2.7) greater LVMI (P = 0.02), but there was no association of eGFRcys of 76 to 90mL/min/1.73m(2) (n = 153) with LVMI after adjustment for confounders. Rapid decline in eGFRcys was associated with higher LVMI compared with participants without a rapid eGFRcys decline (β coefficient, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.11-2.83; P = 0.03) after adjustment for confounders.

Limitations: There were a limited number of participants with eGFRcys of 60 to 90mL/min/1.73m(2).

Conclusions: Among young and middle-aged adults with preserved kidney function, eGFRcys of 60 to 75mL/min/1.73m(2) and rapid decline in eGFRcys were significantly associated with subsequently higher LVMI. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms that contribute to elevated LVMI in this range of eGFRcys.

Keywords: Kidney function; cystatin C; echocardiogram; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); left ventricular mass index (LVMI); renal function decline; subclinical cardiovascular disease risk factor.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Derivation of study sample
Figure 2
Figure 2. Cubic spline of adjusted* association of eGFRcys at Year 15 with left ventricular mass index. Nonlinearity P = 0.4
* adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, diabetes mellitus, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, BMI, microalbuminuria
Figure 3
Figure 3. Cubic spline of adjusted* association of eGFRcys change from Year 15 to Year 20 with left ventricular mass index. Nonlinearity P = 0.1
* adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, diabetes mellitus, LDL and HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, BMI, microalbuminuria, eGFR at Year 15
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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