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. 2016 Feb;22(1):80-7.
doi: 10.1007/s13365-015-0370-y. Epub 2015 Aug 12.

Intrinsic network connectivity abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals over age 60

Anika Guha  1 , Liang Wang  1 , Aaron Tanenbaum  1 , Pardis Esmaeili-Firidouni  2 , Lauren A Wendelken  2 , Edgar Busovaca  2 , Katherine Clifford  2 , Akash Desai  2 , Beau M Ances  1   3   4 , Victor Valcour  5
Affiliations

Intrinsic network connectivity abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals over age 60

Anika Guha et al. J Neurovirol. 2016 Feb.

Abstract

Individuals infected with HIV are living longer due to effective treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Despite these advances, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent. In this study, we analyzed resting state functional connectivity (rs-fc) data from HIV-infected and matched HIV-uninfected adults aged 60 years and older to determine associations between HIV status, neuropsychological performance, and clinical variables. HIV-infected participants with detectable plasma HIV RNA exhibited decreased rs-fc within the salience (SAL) network compared to HIV-infected participants with suppressed plasma HIV RNA. We did not identify differences in rs-fc within HIV-infected individuals by HAND status. Our analysis identifies focal deficits in the SAL network that may be mitigated with suppression of plasma virus. However, these findings suggest that rs-fc may not be sensitive as a marker of HAND among individuals with suppressed plasma viral loads.

Keywords: Cognition; Functional MRI; HIV; Network connectivity.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Region of interest (ROI) pair correlation matrices for HIV-infected (A) and HIV-uninfected (B) individuals
ROIs are grouped by resting state network (RSN). Intra-network correlations are shown on diagonal blocks while inter-network correlations are shown in off-diagonal blocks. Colors indicate network membership: blue = DMN; red = DAN; green = CON; purple = SAL; teal = SMN. Units are z-transformed correlation coefficients. DMN= default mode network; DAN= dorsal attention network; CON= control network; SAL= salience network; SMN= sensory-motor network
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Association between cognitive diagnosis and resting state networks (RSNs)
A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted on RSN scores with factor of neurocognitive impairment status: HIV-uninfected control, HIV-infected with normal cognition, and HIV-infected with either Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI) or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND). No effect of HAND was found across networks.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Associations between plasma HIV RNA and RSNs in HIV-infected individuals [detectable (> 75 copies/mL) vs. undetectable plasma HIV RNA]
Analyses revealed a significant decrease in the composite score for the SAL network for HIV-infected individuals with detectable plasma HIV viral load (p = 0.011).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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