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. 2015:2015:108139.
doi: 10.1155/2015/108139. Epub 2015 Jul 22.

Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Andrew S Allegretti  1 , Guillermo Ortiz  1 , Julia Wenger  1 , Joseph J Deferio  1 , Joshua Wibecan  1 , Sahir Kalim  1 , Hector Tamez  2 , Raymond T Chung  3 , S Ananth Karumanchi  4 , Ravi I Thadhani  1
Affiliations

Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury and Hepatorenal Syndrome in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Andrew S Allegretti et al. Int J Nephrol. 2015.

Abstract

Background/Aims. Acute kidney injury is a common problem for patients with cirrhosis and is associated with poor survival. We aimed to examine the association between type of acute kidney injury and 90-day mortality. Methods. Prospective cohort study at a major US liver transplant center. A nephrologist's review of the urinary sediment was used in conjunction with the 2007 Ascites Club Criteria to stratify acute kidney injury into four groups: prerenal azotemia, hepatorenal syndrome, acute tubular necrosis, or other. Results. 120 participants with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury were analyzed. Ninety-day mortality was 14/40 (35%) with prerenal azotemia, 20/35 (57%) with hepatorenal syndrome, 21/36 (58%) with acute tubular necrosis, and 1/9 (11%) with other (p = 0.04 overall). Mortality was the same in hepatorenal syndrome compared to acute tubular necrosis (p = 0.99). Mortality was lower in prerenal azotemia compared to hepatorenal syndrome (p = 0.05) and acute tubular necrosis (p = 0.04). Ten participants (22%) were reclassified from hepatorenal syndrome to acute tubular necrosis because of granular casts on urinary sediment. Conclusions. Hepatorenal syndrome and acute tubular necrosis result in similar 90-day mortality. Review of urinary sediment may add important diagnostic information to this population. Multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and better guide management.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of participants and 90-day mortality. AKI (acute kidney injury), PRA (prerenal azotemia), HRS (hepatorenal syndrome), and ATN (acute tubular necrosis).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ninety-day probability of survival of participants with cirrhosis by type of acute kidney injury. PRA (prerenal azotemia), HRS (hepatorenal syndrome), and ATN (acute tubular necrosis).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of participants with acute kidney injury who failed to satisfy Ascites Club Criteria for hepatorenal syndrome. PRA (prerenal azotemia), ATN (acute tubular necrosis).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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