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Case Reports
. 2015 Jul 31:15:ic45.
eCollection 2015.

Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) Therapy for the Treatment of Nipple-Areolar Complex Congestion Following Breast Reduction

Affiliations
Case Reports

Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) Therapy for the Treatment of Nipple-Areolar Complex Congestion Following Breast Reduction

Matthew Freeman et al. Eplasty. .
No abstract available

Keywords: breast reduction; leech therapy; macromastia; mammoplasty; nipple congestion.

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References

    1. Gravante G, Araco A, Sorge R, et al. Postoperative wound infections after breast reductions: the role of smoking and the amount of tissue removed. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2008;32:25–31. - PubMed
    1. le Roux CM, Pan WR, Matousek SA, Ashton MW. Preventing venous congestion of the nipple-areola complex: an anatomical guide to preserving essential venous drainage networks. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(3):1073–9. - PubMed
    1. Gross MP, Apesos J. The use of leeches for treatment of venous congestion of the nipple following breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1992;16:343–8. - PubMed
    1. Güneren E, Erolu L, Akba H, et al. The use of Hirudo medicinalis in nipple-areolar congestion. Ann Plast Surg. 2000;45:679–81. - PubMed
    1. Whitaker IS, Rao J, Izadi D, Butler PE. Historical Article: Hirudo medicinalis: ancient origins of, and trends in the use of medicinal leeches throughout history. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;42:133–7. - PubMed

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