Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Karisalai Karpam, a polyherbal Siddha formulation against acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in rats

Abstract

Background: The usage of Siddha medicine in Tamil Nadu and several parts of Southern India has considerably increased over the past two decades and it is steadily crossing the various geographies owing to its inexpensiveness compared to conventional medicines and has fairly high acceptance rates because of its herbal origin and therefore its nontoxic nature.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic and antioxidant potential of the Karisalai Karpam formulation.

Materials and methods: Karisalai Karpam tablet at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o. doses were administered orally to rats for three consecutive days. Single dose of acetaminophen (3 g/kg, p.o.) was administered on the 3(rd) day. Animals were sacrificed 48 h after the administration of acetaminophen, and their serum bilirubin, different hepatic enzymes and in vivo antioxidant activity were estimated.

Statistical analysis: Data were evaluated using analysis of variance, followed by Tukey tests. A level of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Pretreatment with Karisalai Karpam tablet showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity. Karisalai Karpam tablet (200 mg/kg) reduces serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, direct bilirubin by 67.8%, 72.3%, 47.6%, 61.3% and 62.9% respectively compared to disease control group. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in antioxidant enzyme level was observed in Karisalai Karpam treated animals. At higher doses, Karisalai Karpam prevented the depletion of glutathione in liver tissue.

Conclusion: Results confirmed that Karisalai Karpam tablet could protect the liver against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage possibly by increasing the antioxidant defence mechanism in rats.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Indian traditional medicine; Karisalai Karpam; Siddha formulation; hepatoprotective.

Figure 1

(a) H and E-stained sections of normal rat liver, no sign of inflammation or necrosis. (b) Liver section of negative control group showing extensive hemorrhagic necrosis particularly around the central vein. (c) Liver section of silymarin (100 mg/kg) treated rats exhibit almost normal hepatic parenchyma with lesser degree of congestion. (d) Section of Karisalai Karpam tablet (50 mg/kg) treated rat liver showing congestion, microvesicular steatosis and congestion of sinusoids but to a lesser extent. (e) Section of Karisalai Karpam tablet (100 mg/kg) treated rat liver showing minimal degree of congestion, no sign of necrosis and portal triads with few inflammatory cells. (f) Liver section of Karisalai Karpam tablet (200 mg/kg) treated rat showing normal hepatic parenchyma with mild congestion of sinusoids