Antagonistic Characteristics Against Food-borne Pathogenic Bacteria of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria Isolated from Feces of Healthy Thai Infants

Abstract

Background: Food-borne pathogens are among the most significant problems in maintaining the health of people. Many probiotics have been widely reported to alleviate and protect against gastrointestinal infections through antibacterial secretion. However, the majority of them cannot always play antagonistic roles under gut conditions. Probiotic bacteria of human origin must possess other protective mechanisms to survive, out-compete intestinal flora and to successfully establish in their new host at a significant level.

Objectives: Probiotic characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria isolated from the feces of Thai infants were primarily investigated in terms of gastric acid and bile resistances, antibacterial activity and mucin adhesion ability. Antagonistic interaction through secretion of antibacterial compounds and competitive exclusion against food-borne pathogens were also evaluated.

Materials and methods: Culturable LAB and bifidobacteria were isolated from feces of Thai infants. Their ability to withstand gastric acid and bile were then evaluated. Acid and bile salt tolerant LAB and bifidobacteria were identified. They were then further assessed according to their antagonistic interactions through antibacterial secretion, mucin adhesion and competitive mucin adhesion against various food-borne pathogenic bacteria.

Results: Gastric acid and bile tolerant LAB and bifidobacteria isolated from healthy infant feces were identified and selected according to their antagonistic interaction against various food-borne pathogenic bacteria. These antagonistic probiotics included four strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, two strains of L. casei, five strains of L. plantarum, two strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and three strains of B. bifidum. All strains of the selected LAB inhibited all pathogenic bacteria tested through antibacterial secretion, while bifidobacteria showed high level of competitive exclusion against the pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusions: These human-derived LAB and bifidobacteria exhibited different mechanisms involved in pathogenic inhibition. Therefore a combination of these probiotic strains could be a great promise and possibility for the development of probiotic products to effectively prevent and control food-borne infection in humans.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Competitive Exclusion; Food-Borne Pathogens; Lactic Acid Bacteria; Probiotics.

Figure 1.. Phylogenetic Tree Based on the Nucleotide Sequences of 16S rDNA Nucleotide Sequence (Full Length) of Probiotic (A) Lactic Acid Bacteria and (B) Bifidobacteria Isolated From Healthy Infant Feces Using the Neighbor-Joining Method

Bootstrap values for a total of 1000 replicates were given. Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562T and Vibrio owensii DY05T were used as out groups.

Figure 2.. Adhesion to Porcine Gastric Mucin Type III of Lactobacillus casei (Lc), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), Bifidobacterium longum Subsp. longum (Bl) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb) Isolated From Healthy Infant Feces and Mucin Adhesive Lactobacillus plantarum 299V (Positive Control)

Different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).