Adrenal insufficiency secondary to lymphocytic panhypophysitis in a cat

Abstract

Case report: A 13-year-old male castrated Domestic Shorthair cat was presented for investigation of lethargy, vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria. Glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism was suspected based on hypocholesterolaemia, hypoglycaemia and lack of a stress leucogram, and confirmed with an ACTH stimulation test. Pituitary disease was suspected based on the clinical signs and the combination of hyposthenuria and hypernatraemia. Necropsy revealed bilaterally symmetric adrenocortical atrophy and the changes in the pituitary gland were suggestive of a T-cell-rich immune-mediated panhypophysitis.

Clinical significance: Secondary adrenal insufficiency and panhypophysitis have not been previously reported in the cat. This report should raise awareness of this rare but potentially treatable disease process.

Keywords: cats; hypoadrenocorticism; hypopituitarism; immune-mediated disease.