Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2015 Aug 29:16:385.

doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0858-z.

Integrating smoking cessation and alcohol use treatment in homeless populations: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Olamide Ojo-Fati^{1

2}, Florence John^{3

4}, Janet Thomas^{5

6}, Anne M Joseph^{7

8}, Nancy C Raymond^{9

10

11}, Ned L Cooney¹², Rebekah Pratt^{13

14}, Charles R Rogers^{15

16}, Susan A Everson-Rose^{17

18}, Xianghua Luo¹⁹, Kolawole S Okuyemi^{20

21}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. oojofati@umn.edu.
² Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. oojofati@umn.edu.
³ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. joh09053@umn.edu.
⁴ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. joh09053@umn.edu.
⁵ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. jthomas@umn.edu.
⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. jthomas@umn.edu.
⁷ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. amjoseph@umn.edu.
⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. amjoseph@umn.edu.
⁹ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. raymo002@umn.edu.
¹⁰ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. raymo002@umn.edu.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Medical School, Academic Affairs, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. raymo002@umn.edu.
¹² Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. ned.cooney@yale.edu.
¹³ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. rjpratt@umn.edu.
¹⁴ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. rjpratt@umn.edu.
¹⁵ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. crrogers@umn.edu.
¹⁶ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. crrogers@umn.edu.
¹⁷ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. saer@umn.edu.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. saer@umn.edu.
¹⁹ Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, A460 Mayo Building, MMC 303, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. luox0054@umn.edu.
²⁰ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu.
²¹ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu.

PMID: 26320081
PMCID: PMC4552980
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0858-z

Randomized Controlled Trial

Integrating smoking cessation and alcohol use treatment in homeless populations: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Olamide Ojo-Fati et al. Trials. 2015.

. 2015 Aug 29:16:385.

doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0858-z.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. oojofati@umn.edu.
² Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. oojofati@umn.edu.
³ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. joh09053@umn.edu.
⁴ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. joh09053@umn.edu.
⁵ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. jthomas@umn.edu.
⁶ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. jthomas@umn.edu.
⁷ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. amjoseph@umn.edu.
⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. amjoseph@umn.edu.
⁹ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. raymo002@umn.edu.
¹⁰ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. raymo002@umn.edu.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Medical School, Academic Affairs, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. raymo002@umn.edu.
¹² Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. ned.cooney@yale.edu.
¹³ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. rjpratt@umn.edu.
¹⁴ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. rjpratt@umn.edu.
¹⁵ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. crrogers@umn.edu.
¹⁶ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. crrogers@umn.edu.
¹⁷ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. saer@umn.edu.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. saer@umn.edu.
¹⁹ Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, A460 Mayo Building, MMC 303, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. luox0054@umn.edu.
²⁰ Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu.
²¹ Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu.

PMID: 26320081
PMCID: PMC4552980
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0858-z

Abstract

Background: Despite progress in reducing cigarette smoking in the general U.S. population, smoking rates, cancer morbidity and related heart disease remain strikingly high among the poor and underserved. Homeless individuals' cigarette smoking rate remains an alarming 70% or greater, and this population is generally untreated with smoking cessation interventions. Furthermore, the majority of homeless smokers also abuse alcohol and other drugs, which makes quitting more difficult and magnifies the health consequences of tobacco use.

Methods/design: Participants will be randomized to one of three groups, including (1) an integrated intensive smoking plus alcohol intervention using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), (2) intensive smoking intervention using CBT or (3) usual care (i.e., brief smoking cessation and brief alcohol counseling). All participants will receive 12-week treatment with a nicotine patch plus nicotine gum or lozenge. Counseling will include weekly individual sessions for 3 months, followed by monthly booster group sessions for 3 months. The primary smoking outcome is cotinine-verified 7-day smoking abstinence at follow-up week 52, and the primary alcohol outcome will be breathalyzer-verified 90-day alcohol abstinence at week 52.

Discussion: This study protocol describes the design of the first community-based controlled trial (n = 645) designed to examine the efficacy of integrating alcohol abuse treatment with smoking cessation among homeless smokers. To further address the gap in effectiveness of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions in the homeless population, we are conducting a renewed smoking cessation clinical trial called Power to Quit among smokers experiencing homelessness.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01932996. Date of registration: 20 November 2014.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Flowchart of the Enhancing Smoking Cessation in the Homeless Population study. *CBT* cognitive behavioral therapy, *NRT* nicotine replacement therapy, *LTFU* long-term follow-up, *SC+A* combined smoking cessation and alcohol

**Fig. 2**
Overview of study procedures. *CBT* cognitive behavioral therapy, *NRT* nicotine replacement therapy

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Wilder Research Center. Homeless adults and children in Minnesota: statewide survey of people without permanent shelter. St. Paul, MN: Wilder Research Center; September 2004. https://www.wilder.org/Wilder-Research/Publications/Studies/Homelessness.... Accessed 18 July 2015.
1. Torchalla I, Strehlau V, Okoli CT, Li K, Schuetz C, Krausz M. Smoking and predictors of nicotine dependence in a homeless population. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(10):934–42. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr101. - DOI - PubMed
1. Chau S, Chin M, Chang J, Luecha A, Cheng E, Schlesinger J, et al. Cancer risk behaviors and screening rates among homeless adults in Los Angeles County. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(5):431–8. - PubMed
1. Burt MR, Aron LY, Douglas T, Valente J, Lee E, Iwen B; the Urban Institute. Homelessness: programs and the people they serve. Findings of the National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development; December 1999. https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/HomelessProgramsPeople.pdf. Accessed 18 July 2015.
1. Connor SE, Cook RL, Herbert MI, Neal SM, Williams JT. Smoking cessation in a homeless population: there is a will, but is there a way? J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17(5):369–72. - PMC - PubMed

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Integrating smoking cessation and alcohol use treatment in homeless populations: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Affiliations

Integrating smoking cessation and alcohol use treatment in homeless populations: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Associated data

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous