Splanchnic tissues respond differently when piglets are offered a diet 30 % deficient in total sulfur amino acid for 10 days

Abstract

Purpose: A deficient total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) supply has been reported to differently affect the amino acid composition of tissues, but limited information is available about its effects on the morphology and metabolic properties of splanchnic tissues.

Methods: The amino acid composition, protein metabolism, glutathione concentration of the liver, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum and kidneys, and intestinal architecture were compared in 42-day-old piglets pair-fed either a diet deficient (TSAA-; 28 % deficiency) or sufficient (TSAA+) in TSAA for 10 days.

Results: The supply of TSAA had no effect on tissue weights, but influenced the amino acid composition in a tissue-dependent manner. Compared with animals receiving diet TSAA+, the concentrations of Met and Ser were higher in liver protein of TSAA- animals while the Cys concentration in protein was lower in the liver but higher in the distal jejunum. The TSAA supply had no effect on protein synthesis and proteolytic activities of tissues. Villus width and surface, and crypt surface were lower in the proximal jejunum of TSAA- versus TSAA+ pigs. Crypt surface in the ileum of TSAA- pigs was higher. Pigs receiving diet TSAA- had lower GSH and GSSG concentrations in the liver and proximal jejunum, but the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased only in the liver.

Conclusions: A greater nutritional priority appears to be given to splanchnic tissues so that its growth and protein metabolism can be maintained when the TSAA supply is limiting. The amino acid composition, glutathione status, and intestinal mucosa architecture are affected in a tissue-dependent manner.

Keywords: Glutathione; Kidneys; Liver; Methionine + cysteine; Protein synthesis; Proteolytic enzymes; Small intestine; Small intestine morphology; Tissue amino acid composition.