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Review
. 2015:2015:793898.
doi: 10.1155/2015/793898. Epub 2015 Aug 3.

The Two-Way Association of Periodontal Infection with Systemic Disorders: An Overview

Ravinder Nagpal  1 , Yuichiro Yamashiro  1 , Yuichi Izumi  2
Affiliations
Review

The Two-Way Association of Periodontal Infection with Systemic Disorders: An Overview

Ravinder Nagpal et al. Mediators Inflamm. 2015.

Abstract

Oral cavity that harbors diverse bacterial populations could also act as a site of origin for spread of pathogenic microorganisms to different body sites, particularly in immunocompromised hosts, patients, the elderly, or the underprivileged. A number of recent publications have advocated that patients with periodontal diseases are more susceptible to metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other related systemic complications, concluding that periodontal diseases could be a potential contributing risk factor for a wide array of clinically important systemic diseases. However, despite a significant increase in the prevalence of periodontal infections and systemic diseases in the past few decades, the fundamental biological mechanisms of connection between these ailments are still not fully explicated. Consequently, the mechanisms by which this bidirectional damage occurs are being explored with a concentric vision to develop strategies that could prevent or control the complications of these ailments. This paper attempts to summarize and hypothesize the diverse mechanisms that hint to a certain connection between the two prevalent chronic situations.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram of periodontal disease leading to other complications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A summary of proposed connections between periodontal diseases and metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (LPS: lipopolysaccharide; IL: interleukins; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; AGEs: advanced glycation end products; Ig: immunoglobulin).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Potential consequences of periodontal disease leading to stroke, infarction, atherosclerosis, and other neuropathological complications.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Possible role of periodontal infection in respiratory diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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