Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK Quality and Outcomes Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
• ² Quality and Outcomes Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Department of Informatics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London.
• ³ Quality and Outcomes Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Department of Informatics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust.
• ⁴ University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust.
• ⁵ Medical Directorate, NHS England, London, UK.
• ⁶ Quality and Outcomes Research Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Domenico.Pagano@uhb.nhs.uk.