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Review
. 2015 Sep 7:14:92.
doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0080-6.

The relation between celiac disease, nonceliac gluten sensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome

Magdy El-Salhy  1   2   3 , Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk  4   5 , Odd Helge Gilja  6   7   8 , Trygve Hausken  9   10   11
Affiliations
Review

The relation between celiac disease, nonceliac gluten sensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome

Magdy El-Salhy et al. Nutr J. .

Abstract

Wheat products make a substantial contribution to the dietary intake of many people worldwide. Despite the many beneficial aspects of consuming wheat products, it is also responsible for several diseases such as celiac disease (CD), wheat allergy, and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). CD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients have similar gastrointestinal symptoms, which can result in CD patients being misdiagnosed as having IBS. Therefore, CD should be excluded in IBS patients. A considerable proportion of CD patients suffer from IBS symptoms despite adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The inflammation caused by gluten intake may not completely subside in some CD patients. It is not clear that gluten triggers the symptoms in NCGS, but there is compelling evidence that carbohydrates (fructans and galactans) in wheat does. It is likely that NCGS patients are a group of self-diagnosed IBS patients who self-treat by adhering to a GFD.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Secretin cells in the duodenum of (a) a healthy subject, (b) a patient with celiac disease (CD), and (c) a patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Duodenal cholecystokinin cells in (a) a healthy subject, a patient with CD (b), and (c) a patient with IBS
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)-immunoreactive cells in (a) a healthy subject, (b) a patient with CD, and (c) a patient with IBS
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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