Protective Effects of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and E Alone or in Combination against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat

Abstract

Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion injury may occur in a variety of clinical situations, following a transient drop in total or regional blood flow to the kidney. This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of different antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, hydrocortisone and combination of these agents against experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Method: Thirty male rats were divided into six groups. Group Sham, Group I/R: (45 min of ischemia followed by 1h of reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit C: (50 mg/kg Vit C, IV, immediately after reperfusion), Group I/R+Vit E: (20 mg/kg Vit E, IM, 15 min before reperfusion), Group I/R+Hydrocortisone: (50 mg/kg, IV, immediately after reperfusion), and Group Combination: Ischemia-reperfusion plus combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone. After the experiments, the left kidney was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination.

Result: Severe injuries such as necrosis of tubules, atrophy of glomerulus, and hemorrhage were observed in group I/R. Histological scores indicating tissue injury significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to the group I/R. The renal tissue in group treatment was preserved in comparison with the group I/R. Comparison between the treatment groups showed that group combination was more effective and group vit E was less effective in protecting of renal tissue against I/R injuries.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated simultaneous administration of combination of Vit C, E and hydrocortisone before reperfusion of blood flow to the ischemic tissue could show a synergy against deleterious effects of I/R injuries in kidney.

Keywords: Hydrocortisone; Ischemia; Kidney; Reperfusion; Vitamin C; Vitamin E.

Fig. 1

Group I/R. Severe vacuolar degeneration and necrosis (Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining ×400)

Fig. 2

Group Vit C. Mild degenerative changes in the epithelium of proximal tubules (Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining ×400)

Fig. 3

G roup Vit E. The kidney section shows tubular degeneration and scare cellular necrosis (arrows) (Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining ×400)

Fig. 4

Group Hydrocortisone. Moderate vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium (Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining ×400)

Fig. 5

Group Combination. The kidney shows preserved normal histologic structure (Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining ×400)