Effect of consuming a grape seed supplement with abundant phenolic compounds on the oxidative status of healthy human volunteers

Abstract

Background: Diverse enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants provide protection against reactive oxygen species in humans and other organisms. The nonenzymatic antioxidants include low molecular mass molecules such as plant-derived phenols.

Aim of study: This study identified the major phenolic compounds of a grape seed extract by HPLC and analyzed the effect of consumption of biscuits enriched with this extract on the urinary oxidative status of healthy subjects by measurement of urine redox potential.

Methods: The major phenolic compounds were characterized in a red grape seed extract separated by HPLC with detection by a photodiode array (PDA), fluorescence (FL) and quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). A nutritional study in a healthy volunteers group was done. Each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits with no red grape seed extract supplementation. The second day each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits supplemented with 0.6% (wt/wt) of grape seed extract. An overnight urine sample was obtained for each treatment. The redox potential was measured at 25 °C using a potentiometer in each urine sample.

Results: Epicatechin, catechin, procyanidin dimers B1 to B4, and the procyanidin trimer C2 were the major phenolic components in the extract. Epicatechin gallate and procyanidin dimers B1-3-G and B2-3'-G were the major galloylated flavan-3-ols. The forty-six healthy volunteers each shown a reduction of the urine redox potential after the treatment by traditional biscuits supplemented with the grape seed extract.

Conclusions: This simple dietary intervention significantly reduced (33%) the urine redox potential, reflecting an overall increase in antioxidant status. Incorporation of plant-derived phenols in the diet may increase anti-oxidative status.

Fig. 1

Chemical structure of the elemental flavan-3-ol units of grape seed extracts

Fig. 2

Ultraviolet (280 nm) absorption HPLC chromatogram of the grape seed extract exGrape® (all abbreviations are the same as those shown in Table 1)

Fig. 3

Urine redox potential (mV) of 46 volunteers who ate eight biscuits without phenols on day-1 and eight biscuits supplemented with a red grape seed extract (250 mg polyphenols) on day-2. Values indicate means ± standard errors. * p < 0.001 by Student’s paired t-test