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. 2015 Sep 10;10(9):e0137408.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137408. eCollection 2015.

Hypertension, a Neglected Disease in Rural and Urban Areas in Moramanga, Madagascar

Rila Ratovoson  1 , Ony Rabarisoa Rasetarinera  2 , Ionimalala Andrianantenaina  1 , Christophe Rogier  3 , Patrice Piola  1 , Pierre Pacaud  4
Affiliations

Hypertension, a Neglected Disease in Rural and Urban Areas in Moramanga, Madagascar

Rila Ratovoson et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In Madagascar, studies on hypertension in urban and rural communities are scarce.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated risk factors in adults living in a health and demographic system in Moramanga, Madagascar.

Methods: The study included people aged 15 years old and above living in a health and demographic system in Moramanga. A household census was performed in 2012 to enumerate the population in 3 communities in Moramanga. In addition to the questionnaire used in the initial census, a standardized questionnaire and blood pressure were taken twice after 5 and 10 minutes of rest. In urban areas, heights and weights were also measured to calculate the body mass index.

Results: There were 3621 and 4010 participants respectively in rural and urban areas. Prevalence of hypertension in rural population was 27.0% (IC95% [25.6-28.5]) and 29.7% (IC95% [28.3-31.1]) in urban population. Among hypertensive subjects, 1.7% (17/979) and 5.3% (64/1191) were on antihypertensive treatment for at least 1 month before the survey in rural and urban population, respectively. In rural areas, increasing age (65 years and older vs 18-25 years OR = 11.81, IC95% [7.79-18.07]), giving more than 3 positive responses to the usual risks factors of hypertension (OR = 1.67, IC95% [1.14-2.42]) and singles in comparison with married people (OR = 1.61, IC95% [1.20-2.17]) were associated to hypertension in a logistic regression model. In urban areas, increasing age (65 years and older vs 18-25 years OR = 37.54, IC95% [24.81-57.92]), more than 3 positive responses to the usual risks of hypertension (OR = 3.47, IC95% [2.58-4.67]) and obesity (OR = 2.45, IC95% [1.56-3.87]) were found as risk factors.

Conclusion: Hypertension is highly prevalent in rural areas although it is significantly less treated. As a result, a major epidemic of cardiovascular diseases is at risk in Madagascar's progressively aging society.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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