Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2015 Aug 24;29(13):1691-700.
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000750.

Factors associated with abnormal spirometry among HIV-infected individuals

M Bradley Drummond  1 , Laurence Huang, Philip T Diaz, Gregory D Kirk, Eric C Kleerup, Alison Morris, William Rom, Michael D Weiden, Enxu Zhao, Bruce Thompson, Kristina Crothers
Affiliations

Factors associated with abnormal spirometry among HIV-infected individuals

M Bradley Drummond et al. AIDS. .

Abstract

Objective: HIV-infected individuals are susceptible to development of chronic lung diseases, but little is known regarding the prevalence and risk factors associated with different spirometric abnormalities in this population. We sought to determine the prevalence, risk factors and performance characteristics of risk factors for spirometric abnormalities among HIV-infected individuals.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional US data from the NHLBI-funded Lung-HIV consortium - a multicenter observational study of heterogeneous groups of HIV-infected participants in diverse geographic sites. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors statistically significantly associated with spirometry patterns.

Results: A total of 908 HIV-infected individuals were included. The median age of the cohort was 50 years, 78% were men and 68% current smokers. An abnormal spirometry pattern was present in 37% of the cohort: 27% had obstructed and 10% had restricted spirometry patterns. Overall, age, smoking status and intensity, history of Pneumocystis infection, asthma diagnosis and presence of respiratory symptoms were independently associated with an abnormal spirometry pattern. Regardless of the presence of respiratory symptoms, five HIV-infected participants would need to be screened with spirometry to diagnose two individuals with any abnormal spirometry pattern.

Conclusions: Nearly 40% of a diverse US cohort of HIV-infected individuals had an abnormal spirometry pattern. Specific characteristics including age, smoking status, respiratory infection history and respiratory symptoms can identify those at risk for abnormal spirometry. The high prevalence of abnormal spirometry and the poor predictive capability of respiratory symptoms to identify abnormal spirometry should prompt clinicians to consider screening spirometry in HIV-infected populations.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of abnormal, obstructed and restricted spirometry patterns among 908 Lung-HIV cohort participants. See methods section for definitions of spirometric categories.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Walensky RP, Paltiel AD, Losina E, Mercincavage LM, Schackman BR, Sax PE, et al. The survival benefits of AIDS treatment in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:11–19. - PubMed
    1. Braithwaite RS, Justice AC, Chang CC, Fusco JS, Raffanti SR, Wong JB, et al. Estimating the proportion of patients infected with HIV who will die of comorbid diseases. Am J Med. 2005;118:890–898. - PubMed
    1. Wood E, Hogg RS, Lima VD, Kerr T, Yip B, Marshall BD, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and survival in HIV-infected injection drug users. JAMA. 2008;300:550–554. - PubMed
    1. Effros RB, Fletcher CV, Gebo K, Halter JB, Hazzard WR, Horne FM, et al. Aging and infectious diseases: workshop on HIV infection and aging: what is known and future research directions. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:542–553. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Salter ML, Lau B, Go VF, Mehta SH, Kirk GD. HIV infection, immune suppression, and uncontrolled viremia are associated with increased multimorbidity among aging injection drug users. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:1256–1264. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Grants and funding