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. 2015 Dec:486:28-34.
doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.030. Epub 2015 Sep 18.

Influenza D virus infection in Mississippi beef cattle

Lucas Ferguson  1 , Laura Eckard  2 , William B Epperson  3 , Li-Ping Long  1 , David Smith  3 , Carla Huston  3 , Suzanne Genova  3 , Richard Webby  2 , Xiu-Feng Wan  4
Affiliations

Influenza D virus infection in Mississippi beef cattle

Lucas Ferguson et al. Virology. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

A new member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, influenza D virus (IDV), was first reported in swine in the Midwest region of the United States. This study aims to extend our knowledge on the IDV epidemiology and to determine the impact of bovine production systems on virus spread. A total of 15 isolates were recovered from surveillance of bovine herds in Mississippi, and two genetic clades of viruses co-circulated in the same herd. Serologic assessment from neonatal beef cattle showed 94% seropositive, and presumed maternal antibody levels were substantially lower in animals over six months of age. Active IDV transmission was shown to occur at locations where young, weaned, and comingled calves were maintained. Serological characterization of archived sera suggested that IDV has been circulating in the Mississippi cattle populations since at least 2004. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the evolution and epidemiology of IDV in the bovine population.

Keywords: Beef cattle; Influenza D virus; Influenza virus; Maternal antibody; Mississippi; Serological surveillance; Surveillance.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic analyses of influenza D virus from Mississippi cattle: (A) HE, (B) PB2, (C) PB1, (D) P3, (E) NP, (F) MP, and (G) NS. The isolates from Mississippi are shown in red.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Influenza D virus specific antibody responses in different ages of healthy cattle: (A) calves which are younger than 1 year from 2013 to 2014; (B) cattle which is at least 1 year old from 2004–2006. The serological analysis was performed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The serum with a HAI titer of ≥1:40 was defined as seropositive.
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