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. 2014 Oct-Dec;3(4):173-8.
doi: 10.5455/jice.20140912021115. Epub 2014 Sep 22.

Role of fumaric acid in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a Fumaria indica extracts

Anshul Shakya  1 , Gireesh Kumar Singh  1 , Shyam Sunder Chatterjee  2 , Vikas Kumar  1
Affiliations

Role of fumaric acid in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of a Fumaria indica extracts

Anshul Shakya et al. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Aim: The aim was to test whether the ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica (FI) possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and fumaric acid (FA) could be one of its bioactive constituent involved in such activities of the extract.

Materials and methods: For anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests in rats and for analgesic activity rat tail flick test and hot plate and acetic acid writhing tests in mice were used. All tests were performed after seven daily oral doses of the FI extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) and pure FA (1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 mg/kg/day).

Results: Anti-inflammatory activities of FI and FA were observed in carrageenan-induced edema and cotton pallet granuloma even after their lowest tested doses. No analgesic activity of lowest tested dose of FA was observed in the acetic acid writhing test, but likewise, all tested dose levels of FI, higher tested dose levels of FA were also possess significant analgesic activity in this test. Further, significant analgesic activities of both FI and FA in hot plate and tale flick tests were observed after all their tested doses.

Conclusions: These observations are in agreement with our working hypothesis on the connection of FA in mode(s) of action(s) of FI, and reaffirm the conviction that FI could be an herbal alternative against fibromyalgia and other pathologies often associate with, or caused by, inflammatory processes.

Keywords: Analgesic; anti-inflammatory; central nervous system function Fumaria indica; central sensitivity syndrome; fumaric acid.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of seven daily oral doses of FI extract and FA on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. FI: Ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica, FA: Fumaric acid, n = 6 animals in each group. Values are mean±standard deviation; *,** and ***P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively, in comparison to control
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of seven daily oral doses of FI extracts and those of FA in the rat cotton pellet granuloma test. FI: Ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica, FA: Fumaric acid, Indometh: Indomethacin, n = 6 animals in each group. Values are mean ± standard deviation, ***P < 0.001 in comparison to control
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of seven daily oral doses of FI extract and FA in mice hot plate test. FI: Ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica, FA: Fumaric acid, Pentazo: Pentazocine, n = 6 animals in each group. Values are mean ± standard deviation, ** and ***P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively, in comparison to control
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of seven daily oral doses of FI and FA in mice writhing test. FI: Ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica, FA: Fumaric acid, n = 6 animals in each group. Values are mean ± standard deviation, ** and ***P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively, in comparison to control
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