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. 2015 Oct;21(10):1711-8.
doi: 10.3201/eid2110.150004.

Invasive Disease Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Jeroen D Langereis, Marien I de Jonge

Invasive Disease Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Jeroen D Langereis et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Oct.

Abstract

The incidence of severe Haemophilus influenza infections, such as sepsis and meningitis, has declined substantially since the introduction of the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine. However, the H. influenzae type b vaccine fails to protect against nontypeable H. influenzae strains, which have become increasingly frequent causes of invasive disease, especially among children and the elderly. We summarize recent literature supporting the emergence of invasive nontypeable H. influenzae and describe mechanisms that may explain its increasing prevalence over the past 2 decades.

Keywords: Haemophilus influenzae; bacteria; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; invasive disease; meningitis; nontypeable; pathogenicity; pneumonia; sepsis; vaccines; virulence.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of recorded nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid in the Netherlands, by year, 1992–2013. Adapted from (6).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of recorded non–serotype b capsulated Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid in the Netherlands, by year, 1992–2013. Adapted from (6).
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