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. 2015 Sep 25:11:32.
doi: 10.1186/s13005-015-0089-2.

Enamel surface alterations after repeated conditioning with HCl

W H Arnold  1 , B Haddad  2 , K Schaper  3 , K Hagemann  4 , C Lippold  5 , Gh Danesh  6
Affiliations

Enamel surface alterations after repeated conditioning with HCl

W H Arnold et al. Head Face Med. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of etching time with 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the enamel surface destruction by studying the resulting roughness and erosion depth.

Methods: The vestibular surfaces of 12 extracted, caries free human incisors were divided into four quadrants, and each quadrant was etched with 15% HCl for different numbers of etching cycles (1×2, 2×2, 3×2 and 4×2 min). Surface roughness and erosion depth were measured quantitatively with optical profilometry, and the surface morphology was imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: After two minutes of 15% HCl application a median enamel substance loss of 34.02 μm was observed. Lengthening of etching time (2×2, 3×2 and 4×2 min) resulted in significantly increase in erosion depth to each additionally, between 13.28 -15.16 μm (p < 0.05) ending up in a total median enamel surface loss of 77 μm. Regarding surface roughness no significant (p > 0.05) difference was found between unetched enamel and the etched enamel surfaces.

Conclusion: Repeated 15% HCl conditioning of the enamel surface increases the depth of the etched surface erosion. However, the total erosion depth is rather shallow and therefore negligible.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
3D image of the amount of enamel surface dissolution after etching for 2×2 min with 15 % HCl
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparison of the gradient of the enamel lesion depth after different etching duration. The differences are calculated as follows: The depth of the 2 min etched window was subtracted from the depth of the 2×2, 2×4 and 2×6 min etches windows
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a-e) SEM photo of unetched enamel surface showing a relative smooth surface whith prism cores. b SEM photo of the enamel surface pattern after etching for 2 min with 15 % HCl showing dissolution of the prism core and an intact prism periphery; c) surface pattern after etching for 2×2 min with 15 % HCl showing little dissolution of the prism core and the periphery; d) surface pattern after etching for 3*2 min with 15 % HCl showing dissolution of the prism periphery; e) surface pattern after etching for 4*2 min with 15 % HCl showing destruction of the enamel prisms core and periphery
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
3D-reconstruction using Alicona Infinite Focus©. The etched enamel surface is deeper in the periphery than the central area
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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