Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Oleuropein on Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmia in Anesthetized Rat

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to reveal that whether i.v. injection of oleuropein, the most potent polyphenolic antioxidant in olive leaf, has any effect on the magnitude of reperfusion arrhythmia in anesthetized rats or not.

Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 each: groups 1 and 5 were assigned as the prophylactic and treatment control groups, groups 2 and 6 as the prophylactic and treatment groups with lidocaine (10 mg/kg), groups 3 and 4 as the prophylactic groups with 10 and 50 mg/kg oleuropein (i.v.), and groups 7 and 8 as the treatment groups with 10 and 50 mg/kg oleuropein (i.v.), respectively. Reperfusion injury was induced by 5-min regional ischemia and 15-min reperfusion of left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the procedure.

Results: blood pressure was significantly decreased by infusion of 50 mg/kg oleuropein in groups 4 and 8, but unlike the lidocaine as a standard anti-arrhythmic drug in groups 2 and 5 had not significant effect on heart rate. The onset of arrhythmia in groups received oleuropein (groups 3, 4, 7, and 8) was significantly delayed. The mortality rate due to irreversible ventricular fibrillation was also significantly reduced in groups 3, 4, 7, and 8. The effect of lidocaine in groups 2 and 5 was more potent than that in oleuropein group.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that i.v. injection of oleuropein possibly through its antioxidant activity reduces the magnitude of reperfusion-induced arrhythmia.

Keywords: Arrhythmia; Oleuropein; Rats; Reperfusion.

Fig. 1

Types of arrhythmia

Fig. 2

Prophylaxis with oleuropein and lidocaine on heart rate (A), mean blood pressure (B) and rate pressure product (C) before, during and after ischemia. Drug means the infusion of oleuropein or lidocaine; Ii, initiation time of ischemia; Ie, end time of ischemia and Rep, reperfusion time. Con, control group; Lido-p, prophylaxis group with 10 mg/kg lidocaine; Ole10-p, prophylaxis group with 10 mg/kg oleuropein; Ole50-p, prophylaxis group with 50 mg/kg oleuropein. a, P<0.05; b, P<0.001; c, P<0.001 vs. control group

Fig. 3

Effects of treatment with oleuropein and lidocaine on heart rate (A), mean blood pressure (B) and rate pressure product (C) before and during reperfusion. Ii, initiation time of ischemia; Ie, end time of ischemia; R5, R10, and R15, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after reperfusion, respectively. Con, control group; Lido-t, treatment group with 10 mg/kg lidocaine; Ole10-t, treatment group with 10 mg/kg oleuropein; O50-t, treatment group with 50 mg/kg oleuropein. a, P<0.05; b, P<0.01 vs. control group