Does the Acute Care Spinal Cord Injury Setting Predict the Occurrence of Pressure Ulcers at Arrival to Intensive Rehabilitation Centers?

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of acute care in specialized spinal cord injury (SCI) trauma centers on the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) upon arrival at a functional rehabilitation center after a traumatic SCI.

Design: This is a retrospective cohort study among 123 patients with traumatic SCI referred to intensive functional rehabilitation between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Group 1 (n = 90) was referred from a level 1 specialized SCI trauma center and group 2 (n = 33) was referred from seven trauma centers not specialized in SCI.

Results: The total prevalence of patients with PU at admission to functional rehabilitation was 33.3% (26.7% in group 1 and 51.5% in group 2, P = 0.017). There were also more patients with multiple PU in group 2 (24.2% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.0001). A binary logistic regression showed a significant relationship between the occurrence of PU and the type of acute care facility as well as the ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) Impairment Scale grade. Receiving acute care at the specialized SCI trauma center was associated with a decrease in the number of patients developing one and multiple PU.

Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of specialized SCI trauma centers in acute care of patients with traumatic SCI in reducing PU at their admission to functional rehabilitation settings.