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Review
. 2015 Sep 15:6:963.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00963. eCollection 2015.

Pseudomonas Exotoxin A: optimized by evolution for effective killing

Marta Michalska  1 , Philipp Wolf  1
Affiliations
Review

Pseudomonas Exotoxin A: optimized by evolution for effective killing

Marta Michalska et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE) is the most toxic virulence factor of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review describes current knowledge about the intoxication pathways of PE. Moreover, PE represents a remarkable example for pathoadaptive evolution, how bacterial molecules have been structurally and functionally optimized under evolutionary pressure to effectively impair and kill their host cells.

Keywords: ADP ribosylation; Pseudomonas Exotoxin A; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; cytotoxic pathways; pathoadaptation; virulence factor.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) Schematic representation of the structural and functional domains of Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE). (B) Molecular pathways of PE. 2-KG, 2-ketogluconate; CCP, clathrin coated pit; CD91, CD91 receptor; CS, caveosome; EE, early endosome; eEF-2, eukaryotic elongation factor-2; ER, endoplasmatic reticulum; G, Golgi apparatus; KDEL-R, KDEL-receptor; PCP, plasma carboxypeptidases; PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; PtxR, PtxS, transcription regulators; R, ribosome; Rab, Rab-GTPase; RNA Pol, RNA polymerase; Sec61p, Sec61p translocon; T2SS, type II secretion system.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
ADP-ribosylation of eEF-2. Dipth, diphthamide.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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