Current Options for the Treatment of Food Allergy

Abstract

Food allergy is increasing in prevalence; as a result, there is intense focus on developing safe and effective therapies. Current methods of specific immunotherapy include oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous, while nonspecific methods that have been investigated include: Chinese herbal medicine, probiotics, and anti-IgE antibodies. Although some studies have demonstrated efficacy in inducing desensitization, questions regarding safety and the potential for achieving immune tolerance remain. Although some of these therapies demonstrate promise, further investigation is required before their incorporation into routine clinical practice.

Keywords: Anaphylaxis; Desensitization; Food allergy treatment; Food allergy/hypersensitivity; Immunotherapy; Omalizumab; Probiotics; Tolerance.

Figure 1

Approximate changes seen in immunologic parameters for food allergy while undergoing immunotherapy. Notably, basophil reactivity declines relatively quickly. IgG4 and IgE increase, although ultimately IgE will decrease. SPT, skin prick test.

Figure 2

Many preclinical studies are in process as well as phase 2 trials as discussed. OIT will move into phase 3 trials. Other studies have not progressed beyond phase 1 studies due to safety or efficacy concerns. EMP-123, E-coli encapsulated, recombinant Modified Peanut proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3.