An Endoscopic Strategy Combining Mega Stents and Over-The-Scope Clips for the Management of Post-Bariatric Surgery Leaks and Fistulas (with video)

Abstract

Background and aims: Endoscopic stenting has proved effective in the management of post-surgical leaks but is strongly hampered by the high rate of stent migration. In this study, we evaluate our experience with a new approach involving the use of novel ultra-large expandable stents tailored for bariatric surgery leaks (Mega stents), combined with the use of the innovative over-the-scope clips (OTSC).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with post-bariatric surgery leaks managed at our institution by an approach combining Mega stents and over-the-scope clips.

Results: Twenty-two patients were treated for post-bariatric surgery leaks; 13 (59%) had a sleeve gastrectomy while nine (41%) had a RYGB. A total of 30 stents were inserted. Successful endoscopic insertion and removal were achieved in all patients. OTSC clips were applied in 12 patients (55%); five simultaneously with stents and seven after stent removal. Primary closure (after one endoscopic procedure) was achieved in 13 patients (59%) and in a total of 18 patients after multiple endoscopic procedures (82%). An average of 1.4 stents and 2.8 endoscopic procedures were required per patient. Stent migration occurred in four patients (18%), and all were retrievable endoscopically. Other complications included retrosternal pain and vomiting in 20 patients (91%) including one necessitating early removal, bleeding in two patients (9%), and perforation and esophageal stricture in one patient each (5%). Two mortalities were encountered, and one of them was stent-related (bleeding).

Conclusion: Mega stents are effective in the management of post-bariatric surgery leaks. The combined use of Mega stents and OTSC clips is associated with a low incidence of migration and a low number of stents and procedures required per patient.

Keywords: Clips; Esophageal stent; Fistula; Gastric bypass; Gastric leak; Leak; Oesophageal stent; Over-the-scope clips; Sleeve gastrectomy; Stent; Surgical obesity complications.