The Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Registry 5-year Followup: Substantial Radiographic Progression Mainly in Men with High Disease Activity and Development of Dactylitis

Abstract

Objective: To describe early radiographic findings in patients from the Swedish psoriatic arthritis (SwePsA) registry, progression of destruction, correlations with clinical disease variables, and predictors of destruction.

Methods: Hand and foot radiographs were available for 72 of 197 SwePsA patients followed for 5 years. Clinical data were collected according to the SwePsA protocol.

Results: Disease characteristics and clinical improvement were similar in men and women. Radiographic abnormalities were more pronounced in men. Total Wassenberg radiographic score at baseline was 0 in 45% of men and 51% of women. One man and one woman had a score > 10. At 5 years, total score was 0 in 14% of men and 40% of women (p = 0.018); 17% of men and 7% of women had scores > 10. Mean total scores for men and women had increased. Baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate was associated with baseline total radiographic score. In men, swollen joint count was positively, and in women tender joint count negatively, correlated to total radiographic score. After 5 years, only male scores, mainly hand scores, significantly correlated with 28-joint Disease Activity Score and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis scores, swollen joint count, and dactylitis. Achieving remission or minimal disease activity after 5 years protected against structural damage, mainly in men.

Conclusion: Radiographic progression in early PsA was generally slow but substantial. Male sex appears to be a risk factor for early radiographic damage while the presence of baseline radiographic damage and dactylitis developing during followup seem to predict further destruction. Hand and foot radiograph scoring cannot be substituted with clinical signs.

Keywords: DESTRUCTION; DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORE; JOINT EROSIONS; OUTCOME; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; RADIOGRAPHY.