Does low-dose rifaximin ameliorate endotoxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis: a prospective study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of different doses of rifaximin in Chinese patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods: This random prospective study included a screening visit, a 2-week treatment period and a subsequent 4-week observation phase. Patients with liver cirrhosis were randomly assigned to a low-dose rifaximin group, a high-dose rifaximin group and the control group in a ratio of 1:1:1. The low-dose and high-dose groups received 400 mg or 600 mg rifaximin per 12 h for 2 weeks, respectively. All other therapeutic strategies remained unchanged in the three groups as long as possible.

Results: In total, 60 patients with liver cirrhosis were screened and 43 of them met the eligibility criteria. After 2-week treatment serum endotoxin levels in the low-dose (1.1 ± 0.8 EU/mL) and high-dose rifaximin groups (1.0 ± 0.8 EU/mL) were significantly lower than that in the control group (2.5 ± 1.8 EU/mL), while no significant difference was found between the two rifaximin-treated groups. The effect of high-dose rifaximin on endotoxemia lasted for at least 4 weeks after drug withdrawal. A significant reduction in the abundance of the Veillonellaceae taxa and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidaceae were shown after 2 weeks of rifaximin therapy. The incidence of adverse events and severe adverse events was similar among the three groups.

Conclusion: Low-dose (800 mg/day) rifaximin could be analogous to high-dose (1200 mg/day) rifaximin to reduce the serum endotoxin level after 2 weeks of treatment.

Keywords: endotoxins; liver cirrhosis; rifaximin.