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. 2015 Sep 28:(523):63-87.
doi: 10.3897/zookeys.523.6066. eCollection 2015.

Five new cryptic freshwater gastropod species from New Caledonia (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae)

Martin Haase  1 , Susan Zielske  1
Affiliations

Five new cryptic freshwater gastropod species from New Caledonia (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Tateidae)

Martin Haase et al. Zookeys. .

Abstract

During the course of a project aiming at the reconstruction of the colonization of the South Pacific islands by tateid gastropods based on molecular data we discovered five new species on New Caledonia belonging to the genera Hemistomia and Leiorhagium, respectively. We describe these species based on morphological, anatomical and genetic data. All five species are morphologically cryptic as they closely resemble or are even indistinguishable from known species stressing the importance of a comprehensive taxonomic approach integrating several methods. As a consequence of their small and fragmented geographic ranges and the rapidly progressing anthropogenic land cover changes on New Caledonia, all five species qualify as critically endangered according to the criteria of the IUCN.

Keywords: Conservation; IUCN; New Caledonia; South Pacific; Tateidae; cryptic species; endemic; integrative taxonomy; spring snails.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Localities of new species and samples used for morphometric comparisons. Inset shows position of New Caledonia in the Southwest Pacific. Arrows indicate type localities of species represented by more than one sample (see also Table 1).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Holotypes. A Hemistomia andreae sp. n. B Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. C Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. D Leiorhagium clandestinum sp. n. E Leiorhagium neteae sp. n. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Shells (all paratypes). A, B Hemistomia andreae sp. n. C, D Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. E, F Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. G Leiorhagium clandestinum sp. n. H, I Leiorhagium neteae sp. n.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Protoconchs (left) and close-up views of apical microstructure (right). A, B Hemistomia andreae sp. n. C, D Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. E, F Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. G, H Leiorhagium clandestinum I, J Leiorhagium neteae sp. n. Scale bars 50 µm (A, C, E, G, I), 10 µm (B, D, F, H, J).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Operculum. A, B Hemistomia andreae sp. n. C, D Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. E, F Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. G, H Leiorhagium neteae sp. n.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Radula. A Hemistomia andreae sp. n. B Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. C Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. D Leiorhagium neteae sp. n. Arrows indicate membranous junction of flank and face of lateral teeth typical for most Pacific tateid genera (partly dissolved in A and D).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Female genitalia. A Hemistomia andreae sp. n. B Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. C Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. D Leiorhagium neteae sp. n. ac anterior capsule gland, ag albumen gland, bc bursa copulatrix, bd bursal duct, go genital opening, od oviduct, pc posterior capsule gland, rs receptaculum seminis, vc vestibular capsule gland, ve ventral channel.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Penis. A, B Hemistomia andreae sp. n. C Leiorhagium adioincola sp. n. D Leiorhagium aremuum sp. n. E Leiorhagium neteae sp. n. Scale bars = 100 µm.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
CVA plot for Hemistomia. Samples without numbers are paratypes.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
CVA plot for Leiorhagium. Samples without numbers are paratypes.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Maximum likelihood phylogram showing bootstrap support when > 50%. Outgroup pruned from tree; new species highlighted by bold face type.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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