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. 2014 Sep;7(3):152-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.012. Epub 2014 Oct 5.

Temporal sleep patterns in adults using actigraph

Lia Matuzaki  1 , Rogerio Santos-Silva  2 , Elaine Cristina Marqueze  2 , Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno  2 , Sergio Tufik  1 , Lia Bittencourt  1
Affiliations

Temporal sleep patterns in adults using actigraph

Lia Matuzaki et al. Sleep Sci. 2014 Sep.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to characterize the temporal patterns of sleep and wakefulness in a sample of the adult subjects from São Paulo city. All subjects filled the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and wore an actigraph for at least three consecutive days. A total of 359 subjects were considered for the analyses. The mean age was 43±14 years, the mean body mass index was 26.7±5.7 kg/m(2), and 60% were female. The mean MEQ score was 58.0±10.7. The sleep pattern evaluated by the actigraphic analyses showed that 92% had a monophasic sleep pattern, 7% biphasic, and 1% polyphasic sleep pattern. Cluster analysis, based on time to sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and total sleep time, was able to identify three different groups denominated: morning type, evening type, and undefined type. Morning type subjects were more frequent, older, and had higher MEQ scores than evening type subjects. Our results showed that the actigraph objectively assessed the sleep-wake cycle and was able to discriminate between morning and evening type individuals. These findings suggest that the actigraph could be a valuable tool for assessing temporal sleep patterns, including the circadian preferences.

Keywords: Actigraph; Circadian preferences; Eveningness; Morningness; Sleep-wake pattern; Temporal patterns.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score in the evaluated subjects (n=359).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Dispersion of subjects according to the cluster analysis of the actigraphic variables (time to sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and Total Sleep Time). Groups were divided based on the temporal pattern of sleep: Group 1=morning type; Group 2=evening type; and Group 3=undefined type.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution of the hours of sleep among the morning and evening type groups, both evaluated by actigraph (n=359).A: main total sleep time; B: total sleep time over each 24-hour.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score according the temporal pattern defined by the cluster analysis based on the actigraph data (n=359).
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