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. 2015 Oct 20;10(10):e0140923.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140923. eCollection 2015.

Identification of QTLs Conferring Resistance to Deltamethrin in Culex pipiens pallens

Feifei Zou  1 , Chen Chen  1 , Daibin Zhong  2 , Bo Shen  1 , Donghui Zhang  1 , Qin Guo  1 , Weijie Wang  1 , Jing Yu  1 , Yuan Lv  1 , Zhentao Lei  1 , Kai Ma  1 , Lei Ma  1 , Changliang Zhu  1 , Guiyun Yan  2
Affiliations

Identification of QTLs Conferring Resistance to Deltamethrin in Culex pipiens pallens

Feifei Zou et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Culex pipiens pallens is the most abundant Culex mosquito species in northern China and is an important vector of bancroftian filariasis and West Nile virus. Deltamethrin is an insecticide that is widely used for mosquito control, however resistance to this and other insecticides has become a major challenge in the control of vector-borne diseases that appear to be inherited quantitatively. Furthermore, the genetic basis of insecticide resistance remains poorly understood. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of resistance to deltamethrin was conducted in F2 intercross segregation populations using bulked segregation analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers (AFLP) in Culex pipiens pallens. A genetic linkage map covering 381 cM was constructed and a total of seven QTL responsible for resistance to deltamethrin were detected by composite interval mapping (CIM), which explained 95% of the phenotypic variance. The major QTL in linkage group 2 accounted for 62% of the variance and is worthy of further study. 12 AFLP markers in the map were cloned and the genomic locations of these marker sequences were determined by applying the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) tool to the genome sequence of the closely related Culex quinquefasciatus. Our results suggest that resistance to deltamethrin is a quantitative trait under the control of a major QTL in Culex pipiens pallens. Cloning of related AFLP markers confirm the potential utility for anchoring the genetic map to the physical map. The results provide insight into the genetic architecture of the trait.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The difference in mortality rate between two Culex pipiens pallens crosses.
The difference in mortality between the R♀-S♂ and S♀-R♂ crosses was significant at the p < 0.05 level using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Fig 2
Fig 2. AFLP-based linkage map in Culex pipiens pallens.
Three linkage groups are arranged at an LOD of 6.0 (p < 0.05). Numbers on the left side of each linkage group are genetic distances (cM) and AFLP markers are shown on the right.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Putative QTLs for deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens.
The position of QTLs identified with composite interval mapping (CIM) are indicated as DR-1~DR-7 from LG1 and LG2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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