Strategies to Maximize Data Collection Response Rates in a Randomized Control Trial Focused on Children with Medical Complexity

Abstract

Introduction: Obtaining complete and timely subject data is key to the success of clinical trials, particularly for studies requiring data collected from subjects at home or other remote sites. A multifaceted strategy for data collection in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) focused on care coordination for children with medical complexity is described. The influences of data collection mode, incentives, and study group membership on subject response patterns are analyzed. Data collection included monthly healthcare service utilization (HCSU) calendars and annual surveys focused on care coordination outcomes.

Materials and methods: One hundred sixty-three families were enrolled in the 30-month TeleFamilies RCT. Subjects were 2-15 years of age at enrollment. HCSU data were collected by parent/guardian self-report using mail, e-mail, telephone, or texting. Surveys were collected by mail. Incentives were provided for completed surveys after 8 months to improve collection returns. Outcome measures were the number of HCSU calendars and surveys returned, the return interval, data collection mode, and incentive impact.

Results: Return rates of 90% for HCSU calendars and 82% for annual surveys were achieved. Mean return intervals were 72 and 65 days for HCSU and surveys, respectively. Survey response increased from 55% to 95% after introduction of a gift card and added research staff.

Conclusions: High return rates for HCSU calendars and health-related surveys are attainable but required a flexible and personnel-intensive approach to collection methods. Family preference for data collection approach should be obtained at enrollment, should be modified as needed, and requires flexible options, training, intensive staff/family interaction, and patience.

Keywords: home health monitoring; information management; telehealth; telenursing.

Fig. 1.

Healthcare service utilization calendar.

Fig. 2.

Total number of healthcare service utilization (HCSU) forms returned, by study arm and data collection method, during the 2-year intervention period (n = 3,201). Baseline data are not reported here.

Fig. 3.

Healthcare service utilization return intervals for all study groups, by data collection method, during intervention Years 1 and 2.

Fig. 4.

Monthly survey return rates over time and incentive program. The extreme high and low response rates were due to the time lag in sending and receiving surveys in any given month.