Lacune-associated cerebral hypoperfusion correlates with cognitive testing

Abstract

The hypothesis was tested among 83 patients with multiple lacunar infarctions that cerebral hypoperfusion will correlate with cognitive impairments. Patients were subdivided according to Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE) scores into a cognitively impaired group (Group D, n = 40; mean age, 68.2 years) with CCSE scores between 6 and 25 (mean, 19.9) and a cognitively intact group (Group I, n = 43; mean age, 66.0) with normal scores (mean, 29.4). Gray and white matter tissue densities were measured by plain computed tomography (CT), and their compartmental perfusions were estimated during stable xenon inhalation. Eighty infarcts in basal ganglia and white matter were detected in Group D and 62 in Group I. Cognitive impairments correlated with (a) multiplicity and bilaterality of lacunes; (b) hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and multiplicity of risk factors for stroke; (c) hypoperfusion of white and gray matter, but particularly of frontal white matter; (d) leuko-araiosis; (e) aging; and (f) lower education. The conclusion was that hypertension and diabetes mellitus are potent risk factors for cerebral small vessel disease or arteriolosclerosis ultimately resulting in lacunar infarcts, leuko-araiosis, white matter hypoperfusion, and impaired cognitive test performance.