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. 2015 Oct 1;10 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):87-97.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S79984. eCollection 2015.

Biosynthesis characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia roxburghii DC. aqueous extract, and coated on cotton cloth for effective antibacterial activity

Pannerselvam Balashanmugam  1 , Pudupalayam Thangavelu Kalaichelvan  1
Affiliations

Biosynthesis characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cassia roxburghii DC. aqueous extract, and coated on cotton cloth for effective antibacterial activity

Pannerselvam Balashanmugam et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver precursor using a plant biomaterial, Cassia roxburghii DC., aqueous extract. The AgNPs were synthesized from the shade-dried leaf extract and assessed for their stability; they elucidated characteristics under UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption at 430 nm, and the X-ray diffraction patterns showed that they were crystal in nature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the conversion of Ag+ ions to AgNPs due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. The HR-TEM analysis revealed that they are spherical ranging from 10 nm to 30 nm. The spot EDAX analysis showed the presence of silver atoms. In addition, AgNPs were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six different pathogenic bacteria: three Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus, and three Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter aerogenes. They were highly sensitive to AgNPs, whereas less sensitive to AgNO3. Furthermore, the green synthesized AgNPs were immobilized on cotton fabrics and screened for antibacterial activity. The immobilized AgNPs on cotton cloth showed high antibacterial activity. Therefore, they could be a feasible alternative source in treating wounds or may help in replacing pharmaceutical band-aids.

Keywords: bioreduction; cotton cloth; immobilization; minimum inhibitory concentration; stability.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
C. roxburghii plant leaves. Abbreviation: C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Optical photographs of synthesized AgNPs from C. roxburghii. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; C. R., C. roxburghii; B, blank; T, test; C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii.
Figure 3
Figure 3
UV–visible spectrum of the AgNPs synthesized from C. roxburghii. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii; AgNO3, silver nitrate.
Figure 4
Figure 4
UV–visible spectrum of the AgNPs at different time durations. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; hrs, hours.
Figure 5
Figure 5
High-resolution transmission electron spectroscopy images of (A) AgNPs (scale bar 20 nm) and (B) magnified AgNPs (scale bar 10 nm). (C) Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum of AgNPs. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; EDX, energy dispersive X-ray.
Figure 6
Figure 6
X-ray diffraction pattern of AgNPs synthesized from C. roxburghii. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Fourier transform infrared spectrum of (A) C. roxburghii leaf aqueous extract and (B) AgNPs. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized from C. roxburghii. Notes: (A) biologically synthesized AgNPs, (B) silver nitrate, (C) streptomycin, (D) plant leaf aqueous extract. Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii.
Figure 9
Figure 9
SEM images of the cotton fabric. Notes: (A) Without AgNPs (control) (scale bar 100 µm). (B) Containing AgNPs (scale bar 500 µm). (C) Containing AgNPs (scale bar 100 µm). Abbreviations: SEM, scanning electron microscope; AgNPs, silver nanoparticles.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Antibacterial activity of AgNPs coated on cotton fabric. Notes: (A) Without loaded AgNPs (control). (B) AgNPs loaded on cotton fabric (test). Abbreviations: AgNPs, silver nanoparticles; C. roxburghii, Cassia roxburghii.
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