A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression

doi:10.2147/NDT.S89922

Review

. 2015 Sep 29:11:2479-91.

doi: 10.2147/NDT.S89922. eCollection 2015.

A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression

Graham Mazereeuw¹, Nathan Herrmann², Ana C Andreazza³, Maisha M Khan⁴, Krista L Lanctôt⁵

Affiliations

¹ Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.
³ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto ; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵ Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.

PMID: 26491326
PMCID: PMC4599178
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S89922

Review

A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression

Graham Mazereeuw et al. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015.

. 2015 Sep 29:11:2479-91.

doi: 10.2147/NDT.S89922. eCollection 2015.

Authors

Graham Mazereeuw¹, Nathan Herrmann², Ana C Andreazza³, Maisha M Khan⁴, Krista L Lanctôt⁵

Affiliations

¹ Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.
³ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto ; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁴ Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵ Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.

PMID: 26491326
PMCID: PMC4599178
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S89922

Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) may be associated with oxidative damage to lipids, which can potentially affect mood-regulating pathways. This meta-analysis summarizes current knowledge regarding lipid peroxidation markers in clinical samples of MDD and the effects of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on those markers.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Collaboration were searched for original, peer-reviewed articles measuring markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with MDD and nondepressed healthy controls up to April 2015. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models summarizing mean (± standard deviations) concentrations of selected markers.

Results: Lipid peroxidation was greater in MDD than in controls (studies =17, N=857 MDD/782 control, SMD =0.83 [0.56-1.09], z=6.11, P<0.01, I (2)=84.0%) and was correlated with greater depressive symptom severity (B=0.05, df=8, P<0.01). Antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation in MDD patients (studies=5, N=222, SMD=0.71 [0.40-0.97], P<0.01; I (2)=42.5%).

Limitations: Lipid peroxidation markers were sampled from peripheral blood, included studies comparing MDD to controls were all cross-sectional, and only five antidepressant treatment studies were eligible for inclusion.

Conclusion: Increased lipid peroxidation was associated with MDD and may be normalized by antidepressants. Continued investigation of lipid peroxidation in MDD is warranted.

Keywords: antidepressant treatment; biomarker; depressive episode; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; reactive oxygen species.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
Concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers in depressed patients compared to healthy controls in a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. **Notes:** SMDs and random effects models were used. Summary statistics: 17 studies, N=857 depressed/782 nondepressed. SMD =0.83 (0.56–1.09), z=6.11, P<0.01. Heterogeneity: Q=106.14, df=17, P<0.01, I²=84.0%. **Abbreviations:** CI, confidence interval; SMD, standardized mean difference.

**Figure 2**
The association between SMD and mean HAM-D score of the depressed group in each study. **Notes:** A greater SMD in lipid peroxidation between depressed and control groups was associated with greater depressive symptom severity in the depressed group. Summary statistics: circles represent nine studies, N=445 depressed. B=0.05, df=8, P<0.01, residual heterogeneity: adjusted I²=36.7%. **Abbreviations:** HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; SMD, standardized mean difference.

**Figure 3**
Changes in concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers in depressed groups before and after treatment with an antidepressant pharmacotherapy. **Notes:** SMDs and random effects models were used. Summary statistics: five studies, N=222 depressed. SMD =0.71 (0.46–0.97), z=5.43, P<0.01. Heterogeneity: Q=8.70, df=5, P=0.12, I²=42.5%. **Abbreviations:** CI, confidence interval; SMD, standardized mean difference.

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References

1. Bilici M, Efe H, Köroğlu MA, Uydu HA, Bekaroğlu M, Değer O. Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: Alterations by antidepressant treatments. J Affect Disord. 2001;64(1):43–51. - PubMed
1. Galecki P, Szemraj J, Bieńkiewicz M, Florkowski A, Galecka E. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(3):436–447. - PubMed
1. Ghodake SR, Suryakar AN, Kulhalli PM, Padalkar RK, Shaikh AK. A study of oxidative stress and influence of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in patients with major depression. Curr Neurobiol. 2012;3(2):107–111.
1. Khanzode SD, Dakhale GN, Khanzode SS, Saoji A, Palasodkar R. Oxidative damage and major depression: the potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Redox Rep. 2003;8(6):365–370. - PubMed
1. Kotan VO, Sarandol E, Kirhan E, Ozkaya G, Kirli S. Effects of long-term antidepressant treatment on oxidative status in major depressive disorder: a 24-week follow-up study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35(5):1284–1290. - PubMed

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[1] Bilici M, Efe H, Köroğlu MA, Uydu HA, Bekaroğlu M, Değer O. Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: Alterations by antidepressant treatments. J Affect Disord. 2001;64(1):43–51. - PubMed

[2] Bilici M, Efe H, Köroğlu MA, Uydu HA, Bekaroğlu M, Değer O. Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: Alterations by antidepressant treatments. J Affect Disord. 2001;64(1):43–51. - PubMed

[3] Galecki P, Szemraj J, Bieńkiewicz M, Florkowski A, Galecka E. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(3):436–447. - PubMed

[4] Galecki P, Szemraj J, Bieńkiewicz M, Florkowski A, Galecka E. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(3):436–447. - PubMed

[5] Ghodake SR, Suryakar AN, Kulhalli PM, Padalkar RK, Shaikh AK. A study of oxidative stress and influence of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in patients with major depression. Curr Neurobiol. 2012;3(2):107–111.

[6] Ghodake SR, Suryakar AN, Kulhalli PM, Padalkar RK, Shaikh AK. A study of oxidative stress and influence of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in patients with major depression. Curr Neurobiol. 2012;3(2):107–111.

[7] Khanzode SD, Dakhale GN, Khanzode SS, Saoji A, Palasodkar R. Oxidative damage and major depression: the potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Redox Rep. 2003;8(6):365–370. - PubMed

[8] Khanzode SD, Dakhale GN, Khanzode SS, Saoji A, Palasodkar R. Oxidative damage and major depression: the potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Redox Rep. 2003;8(6):365–370. - PubMed

[9] Kotan VO, Sarandol E, Kirhan E, Ozkaya G, Kirli S. Effects of long-term antidepressant treatment on oxidative status in major depressive disorder: a 24-week follow-up study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35(5):1284–1290. - PubMed

[10] Kotan VO, Sarandol E, Kirhan E, Ozkaya G, Kirli S. Effects of long-term antidepressant treatment on oxidative status in major depressive disorder: a 24-week follow-up study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2011;35(5):1284–1290. - PubMed

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A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression

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A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression

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