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. 2015 Oct 1;6(5):1021-1032.
doi: 10.1007/s12671-014-0349-4. Epub 2014 Oct 28.

Five Facets of Mindfulness and Psychological Health: Evaluating a Psychological Model of the Mechanisms of Mindfulness

David B Brown  1 , Adrian J Bravo  2 , Corey R Roos  1 , Matthew R Pearson  1
Affiliations

Five Facets of Mindfulness and Psychological Health: Evaluating a Psychological Model of the Mechanisms of Mindfulness

David B Brown et al. Mindfulness (N Y). .

Abstract

There has been an increasing focus on determining the psychological mechanisms underlying the broad effects of mindfulness on psychological health. Mindfulness has been posited to be related to the construct of reperceiving or decentering, defined as a shift in perspective associated with decreased attachment to one's thoughts and emotions. Decentering is proposed to be a meta-mechanism that mobilizes four psychological mechanisms (cognitive flexibility, values clarification, self-regulation, and exposure), which in turn are associated with positive health outcomes. Despite preliminary support for this model, extant studies testing this model have not examined distinct facets of mindfulness. The present study used a multidimensional measure of mindfulness to examine whether this model could account for the associations between ive facets of mindfulness and psychological symptoms (depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety symptoms, alcohol-related problems) in a sample of college students (N = 944). Our findings partially support this model. We found significant double-mediated associations in the expected directions for all outcomes (stress, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms) except alcohol-related problems, and for each of the facets of mindfulness except observing. However, decentering and the specific mechanisms did not fully mediate the associations among mindfulness facets and psychological health outcomes. Experimental and ecological momentary assessment designs are needed to understand the psychological processes that account for the beneficial effects of mindfulness.

Keywords: alcohol-related problems; anxiety; decentering; depression; mindfulness; stress.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Depicts Shapiro et al.’s (2006) theoretical model of mindfulness mechanisms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Depicts the unique direct associations of acting with awareness on decentering, mechanisms (self-regulation, cognitive/behavioral flexibility, and purpose in life), and health-related outcomes controlling for the other mindfulness facets and demographic covariates. Although not shown for reasons of parsimony, the mechanisms latent variable was allowed to correlate with distress intolerance, acting with awareness was allowed to correlate with the other four facets of mindfulness, and demographic covariates (gender, race, ethnicity, age, and school) were included as covariate predictors of all variables in the model and allowed to correlate with each other.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Depicts the unique direct associations of non-judging of experience on decentering, mechanisms (self-regulation, cognitive/behavioral flexibility, and purpose in life), and health-related outcomes controlling for the other mindfulness facets and demographic covariates. Although not shown for reasons of parsimony, the mechanisms latent variable was allowed to correlate with distress intolerance, non-judging was allowed to correlate with the other four facets of mindfulness, and demographic covariates (gender, race, ethnicity, age, and school) were included as covariate predictors of all variables in the model and allowed to correlate with each other.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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