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. 2015:2015:576532.
doi: 10.1155/2015/576532. Epub 2015 Oct 4.

Collagen/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Based Synthetic Bone Grafts via Dehydrothermal Processing

Burcu Sarikaya  1 , Halil Murat Aydin  2
Affiliations

Collagen/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Based Synthetic Bone Grafts via Dehydrothermal Processing

Burcu Sarikaya et al. Biomed Res Int. 2015.

Abstract

Millions of patients worldwide remain inadequately treated for bone defects related to factors such as disease or trauma. The drawbacks of metallic implant and autograft/allograft use have steered therapeutic approaches towards tissue engineering solutions involving tissue regeneration scaffolds. This study proposes a composite scaffold with properties tailored to address the macro- and microenvironmental conditions deemed necessary for successful regeneration of bone in defect areas. The biodegradable scaffold composed of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate particles and collagen type I fibers is prepared from a mixture of collagen type-I and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) particles via lyophilization, followed by dehydrothermal (DHT) processing. The effects of both sterilization via gamma radiation and the use of DHT processing to achieve cross-linking were investigated. The impact of the chosen fabrication methods on scaffold microstructure and β-TCP particle-collagen fiber combinations were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and microcomputerized tomography (µ-CT). Electron spinning resonance (ESR) analysis was used to investigate free radicals formation following sterilization. Results revealed that the highly porous (65% porosity at an average of 100 µm pore size), mechanically adequate, and biocompatible scaffolds can be utilized for bone defect repairs.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characteristics of the collagen/β-TCP scaffolds. (a) Macroscopic image, (b) SEM image of gamma irradiation sterilized scaffold (×1000).
Figure 2
Figure 2
FTIR spectra of the sterile and nonsterile collagen/β-TCP scaffolds.
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD patterns of collagen/β-TCP scaffold.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Micro-CT images of a β-TCP/collagen scaffold. (a) Top-view of scaffold. (b) Side-view of scaffold.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Water uptake of the β-TCP/collagen scaffolds after 48 hours. Error bars show means ± standard deviation for n = 3.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Morphology of scaffolds soaked in four different mediums. (a)–(d) 1 hr after soak. (e)–(h) 5 hrs after soak. (i)–(l) 24 hours after soak. (m)–(p) After transfer (24 hours). (a), (e), (i), (m) Alpha-MEM. (b), (f), (j), (n) DMEM. (c), (g), (k), (o) MG63 supplemented medium. (d), (h), (l), (p) PBS.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Images of the initial seeding of the scaffolds. (a) and (c) 2 hrs after seeding. (b) and (d) 24 hrs after seeding. (a) and (b) ×4 magnification. (c) and (d) ×10 magnification.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Scaffold morphology after seeding. (a) and (d) 48 hrs after seeding. (b) and (e) 72 hrs after seeding. (c) and (f) 192 hrs after seeding ((a)–(c) 1 mL well volume; (d)–(f) 2 mL well volume).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Live/Dead staining carried out on scaffold segments 192 hrs after seeding. (a) 4x magnification. (b) 10x magnification.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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