. 2015 Oct 28:351:h5527.

doi: 10.1136/bmj.h5527.

STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies

Patrick M Bossuyt¹, Johannes B Reitsma², David E Bruns³, Constantine A Gatsonis⁴, Paul P Glasziou⁵, Les Irwig⁶, Jeroen G Lijmer⁷, David Moher⁸, Drummond Rennie⁹, Henrica C W de Vet¹⁰, Herbert Y Kressel¹¹, Nader Rifai¹², Robert M Golub¹³, Douglas G Altman¹⁴, Lotty Hooft¹⁵, Daniël A Korevaar¹⁶, Jérémie F Cohen¹⁷; STARD Group

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

STARD Group:
Todd Alonzo, Douglas G Altman, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Lucas Bachmann, Jeffrey Blume, Patrick M Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, David Bruns, Harry Büller, Frank Buntinx, Sarah Byron, Stephanie Chang, Jérémie F Cohen, Richelle Cooper, Joris de Groot, Jon Deeks, Nandini Dendukuri, Jac Dinnes, Kenneth Fleming, Constantine A Gatsonis, Paul P Glasziou, Robert M Golub, Gordon Guyatt, Carl Heneghan, Jørgen Hilden, Lotty Hooft, Rita Horvath, Myriam Hunink, Chris Hyde, John Ioannidis, Holly Janes, Jos Kleijnen, André Knottnerus, A Korevaar, Herbert Y Kressel, Stefan Lange, Mariska Leeflang, Jeroen G Lijmer, Sally Lord, Blanca Lumbreras, Petra Macaskill, Erik Magid, Susan Mallett, Matthew McInnes, Barbara McNeil, Matthew McQueen, David Moher, Karel Moons, Katie Morris, Reem Mustafa, Nancy Obuchowski, Eleanor Ochodo, Andrew Onderdonk, John Overbeke, Nitika Pai, Rosanna Peeling, Margaret Pepe, Steffen Petersen, Christopher Price, Philippe Ravaud, Johannes B Reitsma, Drummond Rennie, Nader Rifai, Anne Rutjes, Holger Schunemann, David Simel, Iveta Simera, Nynke Smidt, Ewout Steyerberg, Sharon Straus, William Summerskill, Yemisi Takwoingi, Matthew Thompson, Ann van de Bruel, Hans van Maanen, Andrew Vickers, Gianni Virgili, Stephen Walter, Wim Weber, Marie Westwood, Nancy Wilczynski, Andreas Ziegler

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands p.m.bossuyt@amc.uva.nl.
² Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
³ Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
⁴ Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
⁵ Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
⁶ Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁸ Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
⁹ Peer Review Congress, Chicago, IL, USA Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
¹¹ Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, MA, USA.
¹² Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC, USA.
¹³ Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, IL, USA.
¹⁴ Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁵ Dutch Cochrane Centre, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁷ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands INSERM UMR 1153 and Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

PMID: 26511519
PMCID: PMC4623764
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h5527

STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies

Patrick M Bossuyt et al. BMJ. 2015.

. 2015 Oct 28:351:h5527.

doi: 10.1136/bmj.h5527.

Authors

Collaborators

STARD Group:
Todd Alonzo, Douglas G Altman, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Lucas Bachmann, Jeffrey Blume, Patrick M Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, David Bruns, Harry Büller, Frank Buntinx, Sarah Byron, Stephanie Chang, Jérémie F Cohen, Richelle Cooper, Joris de Groot, Jon Deeks, Nandini Dendukuri, Jac Dinnes, Kenneth Fleming, Constantine A Gatsonis, Paul P Glasziou, Robert M Golub, Gordon Guyatt, Carl Heneghan, Jørgen Hilden, Lotty Hooft, Rita Horvath, Myriam Hunink, Chris Hyde, John Ioannidis, Holly Janes, Jos Kleijnen, André Knottnerus, A Korevaar, Herbert Y Kressel, Stefan Lange, Mariska Leeflang, Jeroen G Lijmer, Sally Lord, Blanca Lumbreras, Petra Macaskill, Erik Magid, Susan Mallett, Matthew McInnes, Barbara McNeil, Matthew McQueen, David Moher, Karel Moons, Katie Morris, Reem Mustafa, Nancy Obuchowski, Eleanor Ochodo, Andrew Onderdonk, John Overbeke, Nitika Pai, Rosanna Peeling, Margaret Pepe, Steffen Petersen, Christopher Price, Philippe Ravaud, Johannes B Reitsma, Drummond Rennie, Nader Rifai, Anne Rutjes, Holger Schunemann, David Simel, Iveta Simera, Nynke Smidt, Ewout Steyerberg, Sharon Straus, William Summerskill, Yemisi Takwoingi, Matthew Thompson, Ann van de Bruel, Hans van Maanen, Andrew Vickers, Gianni Virgili, Stephen Walter, Wim Weber, Marie Westwood, Nancy Wilczynski, Andreas Ziegler

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands p.m.bossuyt@amc.uva.nl.
² Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
³ Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
⁴ Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
⁵ Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
⁶ Screening and Diagnostic Test Evaluation Program, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁸ Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
⁹ Peer Review Congress, Chicago, IL, USA Philip R Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
¹¹ Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Radiology Editorial Office, Boston, MA, USA.
¹² Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Clinical Chemistry Editorial Office, Washington, DC, USA.
¹³ Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics and Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA JAMA Editorial Office, Chicago, IL, USA.
¹⁴ Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁵ Dutch Cochrane Centre, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁷ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands INSERM UMR 1153 and Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

PMID: 26511519
PMCID: PMC4623764
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h5527

Abstract

Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: All authors have completed the Clinical Chemistry author disclosure form: N Rifai works for Clinical Chemistry, AACC; C A Gatsonisis a member of RSNA Research Development Committee.

Figures

None — Prototypical STARD diagram to report flow of participants through the study.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Glasziou P, Altman DG, Bossuyt P, et al. Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research. Lancet 2014;383:267-76. - PubMed
1. Boutron I, Dutton S, Ravaud P, Altman DG. Reporting and interpretation of randomized controlled trials with statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes. JAMA 2010;303:2058-64. - PubMed
1. Ochodo EA, de Haan MC, Reitsma JB, et al. Overinterpretation and misreporting of diagnostic accuracy studies: evidence of “spin.” Radiology 2013;267:581-8. - PubMed
1. Mathieu S, Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Ravaud P. Comparison of registered and published primary outcomes in randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2009;302:977-84. - PubMed
1. Korevaar DA, Wang J, van Enst WA, et al. Reporting diagnostic accuracy studies: some improvements after 10 years of STARD. Radiology 2015;274:781-9. - PubMed

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STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies

Collaborators

Affiliations

STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Research Materials