Influence of age, sex, and race on prescription drug use among Georgia Medicaid recipients

Abstract

Interactions among patients' age, sex, and race that influence prescription drug use in a state Medicaid population are described. A database containing information about all 574,762 Medicaid prescriptions dispensed in Georgia during December 1985 was sorted and summarized so that each record represented one Medicaid recipient. The following data were included for each recipient: the total number of Medicaid prescriptions received by that patient during that month, the total payments made by the state for those prescriptions, and the patient's age, sex, and race. Analyses were conducted on a 10% random sample representing 17,128 patients. The age variable was broken down as follows: Child, 0-5 years; Youth, 6-23 years; Adult, 24-64 years; and Old, 65 years of age or older. Race was recorded as white or nonwhite, and sex as male or female. The average white patient received significantly more prescriptions than did the average nonwhite patient. The largest percentage (41.6%) of the patients in the sample were classified as Old, and this group received the greatest mean number of prescriptions. The differences between mean numbers of prescriptions for white and nonwhite patients increased as the age of the patients increased. Gender influenced drug use only through its interaction with age and race. Patients in the white female Old category had the greatest mean number of prescriptions per patient, and patients in the nonwhite male Youth category had the fewest. The peak period of prescription drug use occurred between the ages of 70 and 80 years, and thereafter use decreased. In this Medicaid population a patient's age and race significantly influenced the number of prescription drugs that he or she used.