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Review
. 2015 Oct 20:6:290.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00290. eCollection 2015.

The influence of platelet-derived products on angiogenesis and tissue repair: a concise update

Constanza E Martínez  1 , Patricio C Smith  1 , Verónica A Palma Alvarado  2
Affiliations
Review

The influence of platelet-derived products on angiogenesis and tissue repair: a concise update

Constanza E Martínez et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

Platelet degranulation allows the release of a large amount of soluble mediators, is an essential step for wound healing initiation, and stimulates clotting, and angiogenesis. The latter process is one of the most critical biological events observed during tissue repair, increasing the growth of blood vessels in the maturing wound. Angiogenesis requires the action of a variety of growth factors that act in an appropriate physiological ratio to assure functional blood vessel restoration. Platelets release main regulators of angiogenesis: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and Platelet derived growth factors (PDGFs), among others. In order to stimulate tissue repair, platelet derived fractions have been used as an autologous source of growth factors and biomolecules, namely Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP), and Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF). The continuous release of these growth factors has been proposed to promote angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Considering the existence of clinical trials currently evaluating the efficacy of autologous PRP, the present review analyses fundamental questions regarding the putative role of platelet derived fractions as regulators of angiogenesis and evaluates the possible clinical implications of these formulations.

Keywords: angiogenesis; growth factors; platelet poor plasma; platelet rich plasma; tissue engineering.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Platelet derived fractions and involvement of angiogenic growth factors in angionesis. (A) Four platelet-derived fractions are illustrated. Two with low leucocyte content (PPP and P-PRP), and two with high leucocyte quantities (L-PRP and L-PRF). (B) Angiogenic growth factors are represented with the indicated color code. (C) Illustration of a capillary blood vessel in physiological conditions. (D) Influence of angiogenic growth factors during angiogenesis initiation, endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, and differentiation and finally, branching and stabilization of new blood vessels during a healing event.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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