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. 2015 Nov 6;10(11):e0142311.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142311. eCollection 2015.

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser at Different Output Powers on the Micromorphology and the Bond Property of Non-Carious Sclerotic Dentin to Resin Composites

Xiang Sun  1 , Jinghao Ban  2 , Xinjia Sha  1 , Weiguo Wang  3 , Yang Jiao  4   5 , Wanshan Wang  6 , Yanwei Yang  7 , Jingjing Wei  4   5 , Lijuan Shen  4   5 , Jihua Chen  4   5
Affiliations

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser at Different Output Powers on the Micromorphology and the Bond Property of Non-Carious Sclerotic Dentin to Resin Composites

Xiang Sun et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiated at different powers on the micromorphology and the bonding property of non-carious sclerotic dentin to resin composites.

Methods: Two hundred bovine incisors characterized by non-carious sclerotic dentin were selected, and the seventy-two teeth of which for surface morphological analysis were divided into nine groups according to various treatments (A: the control group, B: only treated with the adhesive Adper Easy One, C: diamond bur polishing followed by Adper Easy One, D-I: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiating at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W output power, respectively, followed by Adper Easy One). The surface roughness values were measured by the non-contact three-dimensional morphology scanner, then the surface micromorphologies of surfaces in all groups were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); meanwhile, Image Pro-Plus 6.0 software was used to measure the relative percentage of open tubules on SEM images. The rest, one hundred twenty-eight teeth for bond strength test, were divided into eight groups according to the different treatments (A: only treated with the adhesive Adper Easy One, B: diamond bur polishing followed by the above adhesive, C-H: Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiating at 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, 4 W, 5 W, 6 W output power, respectively, followed by the above adhesive), and each group was subsequently divided into two subgroups according to whether aging is performed (immediately tested and after thermocycling). Micro-shear bond strength test was used to evaluate the bond strength.

Results: The 4W laser group showed the highest roughness value (30.84±1.93μm), which was statistically higher than the control group and the diamond bur groups (p<0.05). The mean percentages ((27.8±1.8)%, (28.0±2.2)%, (30.0±1.9)%) of open tubules area in the 4W, 5W, 6W group were higher than other groups (p<0.05). The 4W laser group showed the highest micro-shear bond strength not only in immediately tested (17.60±2.55 PMa) but after thermocycling (14.35±2.08MPa).

Conclusion: The Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 4W power can effectively improve the bonding property between non-carious sclerotic dentin and resin composites by increasing the roughness and mean percentage area of open tubules.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Representative 3D images of non-carious sclerotic dentin surfaces in all groups.
(A) The control group without any treatment; (B) Adper Easy One adhesive treatment; (C) Diamond bur polishing followed by the application.of Adper Easy One adhesive; (D, E, F, G, H, and I) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, and 6 W, respectively, and followed by the application of Adper Easy One adhesive.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Mean surface roughness values of non-carious sclerotic dentin in all groups.
(A) The control group without any treatment; (B) Adper Easy One adhesive treatment; (C) Diamond bur polishing followed by the application.of Adper Easy One adhesive; (D, E, F, G, H, and I) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, and 6 W, respectively, and followed by the application of Adper Easy One adhesive.
Fig 3
Fig 3. SEM micrographs of non-carious sclerotic dentin in all groups.
(A) The control group without any treatment; (B) Adper Easy One adhesive treatment; (C) Diamond bur polishing followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application; (D, E, F, G, H, and I) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, and 6 W, respectively, and followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application. (magnification, 5000×).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Mean percentages of open tubule areas of non-carious sclerotic dentin in all groups.
(A) The control group without any treatment; (B) Adper Easy One adhesive treatment; (C) Diamond bur polishing followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application. (D, E, F, G, H, and I) Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, and 6 W, respectively, and followed by Adper Easy One adhesive application.
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