Activating brown adipose tissue through exercise (ACTIBATE) in young adults: Rationale, design and methodology

Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado¹, Borja Martinez-Tellez², Josune Olza³, Concepcion M Aguilera⁴, Idoia Labayen⁵, Francisco B Ortega⁶, Palma Chillon⁷, Carlos Fernandez-Reguera⁸, Juan M A Alcantara⁹, Wendy D Martinez-Avila¹⁰, Victoria Muñoz-Hernandez¹¹, Francisco M Acosta¹², Juan Prados-Ruiz¹³, Francisco J Amaro-Gahete¹⁴, Laura Hidalgo-Garcia¹⁵, Lorena Rodriguez¹⁶, Yasmeen Abdel-Karim Ruiz¹⁷, Angel Ramirez-Navarro¹⁸, Maria A Muros-de Fuentes¹⁹, Yolanda García-Rivero²⁰, Rocio Sanchez-Sanchez²¹, Juan de Dios Beas Jimenez²², Carlos de Teresa²³, Socorro Navarrete²⁴, Rosa Lozano²⁵, Esther Brea-Gomez²⁶, Jose Rubio-Lopez²⁷, Maria R Ruiz²⁸, Amalia Cano-Nieto²⁹, Jose M Llamas-Elvira³⁰, Jose A Jimenez Rios³¹, Angel Gil³², Jonatan R Ruiz³³

Affiliations

¹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: gsanchezdelgado@ugr.es.
² PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: borjammt@gmail.com.
³ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, CIBEROBN. Electronic address: jolza@ugr.es.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, CIBEROBN. Electronic address: caguiler@ugr.es.
⁵ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain. Electronic address: idoia.labayen@ehu.eus.
⁶ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: ortegaf@ugr.es.
⁷ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: pchillon@ugr.es.
⁸ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: carlosreguera89@hotmail.com.
⁹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: juanma.alcantara@hotmail.com.
¹⁰ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: wdma@hotmail.com.
¹¹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: mariavmuher@gmail.com.
¹² PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: fran_acosta_@hotmail.es.
¹³ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: juanlo_7_@hotmail.com.
¹⁴ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: franamga13@gmail.com.
¹⁵ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: lhidgar@gmail.com.
¹⁶ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: lorenardrgz89@gmail.com.
¹⁷ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Vigilancia de la Salud, Ayuntamiento Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: yasmeen@granada.org.
¹⁸ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: angel.ramirez.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
¹⁹ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: mangustias.muros.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
²⁰ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: yolandgr@gmail.com.
²¹ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: rocisansan@gmail.com.
²² Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: juand.beas@juntadeandalucia.es.
²³ Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: cdeteresa@ejerciciosaludable.es.
²⁴ Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: socorro.navarrete@juntadeandalucia.es.
²⁵ Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: rmaria.lozano@juntadeandalucia.es.
²⁶ Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: estherbre@hotmail.com.
²⁷ Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: drrubiolopez@gmail.com.
²⁸ Distrito Sanitario de Jaén, UGCEl Valle, Jaén, Spain. Electronic address: maruru2022@gmail.com.
²⁹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: amaliaacn@yahoo.es.
³⁰ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: josem.llamas.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
³¹ Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: josea.jimenez.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
³² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, CIBEROBN. Electronic address: agil@ugr.es.
³³ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: ruizj@ugr.es.

PMID: 26546068
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.11.004

Randomized Controlled Trial

Activating brown adipose tissue through exercise (ACTIBATE) in young adults: Rationale, design and methodology

Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado et al. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015 Nov.

. 2015 Nov;45(Pt B):416-425.

doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Nov 3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: gsanchezdelgado@ugr.es.
² PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: borjammt@gmail.com.
³ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, CIBEROBN. Electronic address: jolza@ugr.es.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, CIBEROBN. Electronic address: caguiler@ugr.es.
⁵ Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain. Electronic address: idoia.labayen@ehu.eus.
⁶ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: ortegaf@ugr.es.
⁷ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: pchillon@ugr.es.
⁸ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: carlosreguera89@hotmail.com.
⁹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: juanma.alcantara@hotmail.com.
¹⁰ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: wdma@hotmail.com.
¹¹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: mariavmuher@gmail.com.
¹² PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: fran_acosta_@hotmail.es.
¹³ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: juanlo_7_@hotmail.com.
¹⁴ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: franamga13@gmail.com.
¹⁵ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: lhidgar@gmail.com.
¹⁶ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: lorenardrgz89@gmail.com.
¹⁷ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Vigilancia de la Salud, Ayuntamiento Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: yasmeen@granada.org.
¹⁸ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: angel.ramirez.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
¹⁹ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: mangustias.muros.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
²⁰ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: yolandgr@gmail.com.
²¹ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: rocisansan@gmail.com.
²² Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: juand.beas@juntadeandalucia.es.
²³ Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: cdeteresa@ejerciciosaludable.es.
²⁴ Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: socorro.navarrete@juntadeandalucia.es.
²⁵ Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (CAMD), Granada, Spain. Electronic address: rmaria.lozano@juntadeandalucia.es.
²⁶ Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: estherbre@hotmail.com.
²⁷ Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: drrubiolopez@gmail.com.
²⁸ Distrito Sanitario de Jaén, UGCEl Valle, Jaén, Spain. Electronic address: maruru2022@gmail.com.
²⁹ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: amaliaacn@yahoo.es.
³⁰ Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: josem.llamas.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
³¹ Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: josea.jimenez.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es.
³² Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, CIBEROBN. Electronic address: agil@ugr.es.
³³ PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: ruizj@ugr.es.

PMID: 26546068
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.11.004

Abstract

Aims: The energy expenditure capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) makes it an attractive target as a therapy against obesity and type 2 diabetes. BAT activators namely catecholamines, natriuretic peptides and certain myokines, are secreted in response to exercise. ACTIBATE will determine the effect of exercise on BAT activity and mass measured by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT, primary outcome) in young adults. ACTIBATE will also investigate the physiological consequences of activating BAT (secondary outcomes).

Methods: ACTIBATE will recruit 150 sedentary, healthy, young adults (50% women) aged 18-25 years. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a non-exercise group (n ≈ 50) or one of two exercise groups (n=50 each). Participants in the exercise groups will perform aerobic and strength training 3-4 days/week at a heart rate equivalent to 60% of heart rate reserve (HRres), and at 50% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) for the moderate-intensity group, and at 80% of HRres and 70% RM for the vigorous-intensity group. Laboratory measures completed at baseline and 6 months include BAT activity and mass, resting energy expenditure, meal and cold-induced thermogenesis, body temperature regulation and shivering threshold, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. We will also obtain biopsies from abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle to analyse the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the thermogenic machinery.

Discussion: Findings from ACTIBATE will have significant implications for our understanding of exercise and its protective effects against the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity and related metabolic diseases. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129.

Keywords: Body temperature regulation; Brown adipose tissue; Energy metabolism; Obesity; Thermogenesis; Type 2 diabetes.

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Activating brown adipose tissue through exercise (ACTIBATE) in young adults: Rationale, design and methodology

Affiliations

Activating brown adipose tissue through exercise (ACTIBATE) in young adults: Rationale, design and methodology

Authors

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Abstract

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