A TME study with the fungicide pyrimethanil combined with different moisture regimes: effects on enchytraeids

Abstract

Today's ecosystems are influenced by different factors that could evolve into stressors. Effects of pesticides, especially in agricultural areas, may interact with environmental factors, such as soil moisture fluctuation caused by global climate change. In this contribution, two semi-field studies conducted in Germany and Portugal with terrestrial model ecosystems are presented. Their aim was to assess the effects of the fungicide pyrimethanil under different soil moisture levels on Enchytraeidae. In Portugal a no observed effect concentration design was chosen, using two concentration levels: the maximum application rate (MAR) according to the safe use registration within the European Union and five times the MAR (1.82 and 9.09 mg/kg dry soil, respectively). Both concentrations did neither affect the total enchytraeid abundance nor single populations. In Germany an ECx design (effect concentration) was conducted, using 11 concentrations. In general, 14 EC50 values for different combinations of single species, moisture level and sampling date were determined. The strongest effects were found in dry soil, particularly for Fridericia connata (EC50: 3.48 mg/kg dry soil after 8 weeks of exposure). The advantages and challenges of these test designs are discussed with regard to the registration process of pesticides in the European Union. In any case, enchytraeids are suitable test organisms in such higher tier studies for the combined evaluation of chemical and climatic stressors due to their usually high diversity and abundances and their close contact with the soil solution.

Keywords: Climate change; Mesocosm; Multivariate analysis; Oligochaeta; Pesticide; Semi-field.