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Review
. 2015 Dec;243(2):645-51.
doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.011. Epub 2015 Oct 14.

The association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Vianne Nsengiyumva  1 , Malindu E Fernando  1 , Joseph V Moxon  1 , Smriti M Krishna  1 , Jenna Pinchbeck  1 , Safraz M Omer  1 , Dylan R Morris  1 , Rhondda E Jones  2 , Corey S Moran  1 , Sai W Seto  3 , Jonathan Golledge  4
Affiliations
Review

The association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with peripheral arterial disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Vianne Nsengiyumva et al. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

Background and aims: The association of vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular disease is controversial. The present meta-analysis was performed to examine if circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were lower in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) when compared to non-PAD controls.

Methods: A comprehensive database search was conducted in Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library to identify observational studies reporting 25(OH)D concentrations in PAD patients and non-PAD participants. Data extraction and study quality assessments were conducted independently. A random-effects model was used to meta-analyse extracted data and generate standardized mean differences (SMDs) in circulating 25(OH)D levels between PAD patients and non-PAD controls. Subgroup analyses were conducted focussing on patients presenting with intermittent claudication (IC) and critical limb ischaemia (CLI).

Results: Six case-control studies assessing 6418 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies were considered to be of moderate methodological quality and four were considered to be of high quality. A meta-analysis of data from 1217 PAD patients and 5201 non-PAD participants showed that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in PAD patients compared with non-PAD participants (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.58, -0.05; P = 0.02). Subgroup analyses showed that 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among PAD patients with CLI, but not IC, when compared to non-PAD controls (SMD = -1.29, 95% CI: -1.66, -0.91; P < 0.001 and SMD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.15, 0.13; P=0.88, respectively).

Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that low levels of circulating 25(OH)D are associated with PAD presence, particularly in patients presenting with CLI. These data suggest the possibility that vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to the development of more advanced PAD although this remains to be confirmed.

Keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Atherosclerosis; Atherothrombosis; Meta-analysis; Peripheral arterial disease; Vitamin D deficiency.

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