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. 2016 Jan;106(1):4-12.
doi: 10.5935/abc.20160001. Epub 2015 Nov 10.

Pulmonary Embolism Mortality in Brazil from 1989 to 2010: Gender and Regional Disparities

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Eduardo Sahade Darze  1 , Juliana Borges Casqueiro  2 , Luisa Allen Ciuffo  2 , Jessica Mendes Santos  2 , Iuri Resedá Magalhães  2 , Adriana Lopes Latado  2
Affiliations

Pulmonary Embolism Mortality in Brazil from 1989 to 2010: Gender and Regional Disparities

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Eduardo Sahade Darze et al. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

Background: A significant variation in pulmonary embolism (PE) mortality trends have been documented around the world. We investigated the trends in mortality rate from PE in Brazil over a period of 21 years and its regional and gender differences.

Methods: Using a nationwide database of death certificate information we searched for all cases with PE as the underlying cause of death between 1989 and 2010. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We calculated age-, gender- and region-specific mortality rates for each year, using the 2000 Brazilian population for direct standardization.

Results: Over 21 years the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) fell 31% from 3.04/100,000 to 2.09/100,000. In every year between 1989 and 2010, the ASMR was higher in women than in men, but both showed a significant declining trend, from 3.10/100,000 to 2.36/100,000 and from 2.94/100,000 to 1.80/100,000, respectively. Although all country regions showed a decline in their ASMR, the largest fall in death rates was concentrated in the highest income regions of the South and Southeast Brazil. The North and Northeast regions, the lowest income areas, showed a less marked fall in death rates and no distinct change in the PE mortality rate in women.

Conclusions: Our study showed a reduction in the PE mortality rate over two decades in Brazil. However, significant variation in this trend was observed amongst the five country regions and between genders, pointing to possible disparities in health care access and quality in these groups.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) from pulmonary embolism by gender
Figure 2
Figure 2
Crude mortality rates from pulmonary embolism by age group and gender for the year 2010
Figure 3
Figure 3
Total number of pulmonary embolism deaths by age group for men (A) and women (B)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Crude mortality rates from pulmonary embolism by age group
Figure 5
Figure 5
Crude mortality rates from pulmonary embolism by gender and ages < and ≥ 40 years.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Map of age-standardized mortality rates from pulmonary embolism per 100,000 people in the five Brazilian regions - 2010
Figure 7
Figure 7
Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) from pulmonary embolism per geographic region and gender
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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